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The burgeoning computational demands for training large language models (LLMs) necessitate efficient methods, including quantized training, which leverages low-bit arithmetic operations to reduce costs. While FP8 precision has shown…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Jiecheng Zhou , Ding Tang , Rong Fu , Boni Hu , Haoran Xu , Yi Wang , Zhilin Pei , Zhongling Su , Liang Liu , Xingcheng Zhang , Weiming Zhang

Hierarchical reinforcement learning (RL) has the potential to enable effective decision-making over long timescales. Existing approaches, while promising, have yet to realize the benefits of large-scale training. In this work, we identify…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Mikael Henaff , Scott Fujimoto , Michael Matthews , Michael Rabbat

We propose DiFFPO, Diffusion Fast and Furious Policy Optimization, a unified framework for training masked diffusion large language models (dLLMs) to reason not only better (furious), but also faster via reinforcement learning (RL). We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Hanyang Zhao , Dawen Liang , Wenpin Tang , David Yao , Nathan Kallus

A hallmark of modern large-scale machine learning techniques is the use of training objectives that provide dense supervision to intermediate computations, such as teacher forcing the next token in language models or denoising step-by-step…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Bhavya Agrawalla , Michal Nauman , Khush Agrawal , Aviral Kumar

Despite recent progress, reinforcement learning (RL)-based fine-tuning of diffusion models often struggles with generalization, composability, and robustness against reward hacking. Recent studies have explored prompt refinement as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Suhyeon Lee , Jong Chul Ye

Fine-tuning foundation models via reinforcement learning (RL) has proven promising for aligning to downstream objectives. In the case of diffusion models (DMs), though RL training improves alignment from early timesteps, critical issues…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-14 Roberto Barceló , Cristóbal Alcázar , Felipe Tobar

Reinforcement learning (RL) fine-tuning of large language models (LLMs) often suffers from instability due to the numerical mismatch between the training and inference policies. While prior work has attempted to mitigate this issue through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Penghui Qi , Zichen Liu , Xiangxin Zhou , Tianyu Pang , Chao Du , Wee Sun Lee , Min Lin

Flow matching models (FMs) have revolutionized text-to-image (T2I) generation, with reinforcement learning (RL) serving as a critical post-training strategy for alignment with reward objectives. In this research, we show that current RL…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Fu-Yun Wang , Han Zhang , Michael Gharbi , Hongsheng Li , Taesung Park

The Newton-Raphson (NR) method is widely used for solving power flow (PF) equations due to its quadratic convergence. However, its performance deteriorates under poor initialization or extreme operating scenarios, e.g., high levels of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-26 Zeynab Kaseb , Matthias Moller , Lindsay Spoor , Jerry J. Guo , Yu Xiang , Peter Palensky , Pedro P. Vergara

Diffusion models recently emerged as a powerful paradigm for recommender systems, offering state-of-the-art performance by modeling the generative process of user-item interactions. However, training such models from scratch is both…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Yu Hou , Hua Li , Ha Young Kim , Won-Yong Shin

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has proven effective in aligning large language models with human preferences, inspiring the development of reward-centric diffusion reinforcement learning (RDRL) to achieve similar…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Kwanyoung Kim , Byeongsu Sim

Training Large Reasoning Model (LRM) is usually unstable and unpredictable, especially on hard problems or weak foundation models. We found that the current post-training scaling strategy can still improve on these cases. We propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Yutong Chen , Jiandong Gao , Ji Wu

Fine-tuning large diffusion models for custom applications demands substantial power and time, which poses significant challenges for efficient implementation on mobile devices. In this paper, we develop a novel training accelerator…

Graphics · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Jinming Lu , Minghao She , Wendong Mao , Zhongfeng Wang

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) leverages pre-collected datasets to train optimal policies. Diffusion Q-Learning (DQL), introducing diffusion models as a powerful and expressive policy class, significantly boosts the performance of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Tianyu Chen , Zhendong Wang , Mingyuan Zhou

Reinforcement learning (RL)-based fine-tuning has emerged as a powerful approach for aligning diffusion models with black-box objectives. Proximal policy optimization (PPO) is a popular choice of method for policy optimization. While…

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has recently been proposed as a methodology to discover complex Active Flow Control (AFC) strategies [Rabault, J., Kuchta, M., Jensen, A., Reglade, U., & Cerardi, N. (2019): "Artificial neural networks…

Computational Physics · Physics 2019-10-23 Jean Rabault , Alexander Kuhnle

This paper presents SANA-1.5, a linear Diffusion Transformer for efficient scaling in text-to-image generation. Building upon SANA-1.0, we introduce three key innovations: (1) Efficient Training Scaling: A depth-growth paradigm that enables…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Enze Xie , Junsong Chen , Yuyang Zhao , Jincheng Yu , Ligeng Zhu , Chengyue Wu , Yujun Lin , Zhekai Zhang , Muyang Li , Junyu Chen , Han Cai , Bingchen Liu , Daquan Zhou , Song Han

Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly rely on reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) to elicit reliable chain-of-thought reasoning. However, the training process remains bottlenecked by the computationally expensive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Bingshuai Liu , Ante Wang , Zijun Min , Liang Yao , Haibo Zhang , Yang Liu , Xu Han , Peng Li , Anxiang Zeng , Jinsong Su

Reinforcement learning for training end-to-end autonomous driving models in closed-loop simulations is gaining growing attention. However, most simulation environments differ significantly from real-world conditions, creating a substantial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Chaojun Ni , Guosheng Zhao , Xiaofeng Wang , Zheng Zhu , Wenkang Qin , Xinze Chen , Guanghong Jia , Guan Huang , Wenjun Mei

This paper presents a comprehensive survey of Federated Reinforcement Learning (FRL), an emerging and promising field in Reinforcement Learning (RL). Starting with a tutorial of Federated Learning (FL) and RL, we then focus on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Jiaju Qi , Qihao Zhou , Lei Lei , Kan Zheng