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Exploring the generalization of a text-to-SQL parser is essential for a system to automatically adapt the real-world databases. Previous works provided investigations focusing on lexical diversity, including the influence of the synonym and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Jieyu Li , Lu Chen , Ruisheng Cao , Su Zhu , Hongshen Xu , Zhi Chen , Hanchong Zhang , Kai Yu

LLMs have achieved strong performance on text-based programming tasks, yet they remain unreliable for block-based languages such as Scratch. Scratch programs exhibit deeply nested, non-linear structures, event-driven concurrency across…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yuan Si , Simeng Han , Daming Li , Hanyuan Shi , Jialu Zhang

Text-to-SQL bridges the gap between natural language and structured database language, thus allowing non-technical users to easily query databases. Traditional approaches model text-to-SQL as a direct translation task, where a given Natural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Anurag Tripathi , Vaibhav Patle , Abhinav Jain , Ayush Pundir , Sairam Menon , Ajeet Kumar Singh , Dorien Herremans

Structured Outputs from current LLMs exhibit sporadic errors, hindering enterprise AI deployment. We present CONSTRUCT, a real-time uncertainty estimator that scores the trustworthiness of LLM Structured Outputs. Lower-scoring outputs are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Hui Wen Goh , Jonas Mueller

Text-to-SQL has emerged as a prominent research area, particularly with the rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs). By enabling users to query databases through natural language rather than SQL, this technology significantly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Yu-Jie Yang , Hung-Fu Chang , Po-An Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently enabled natural language interfaces that translate user queries into executable SQL, offering a powerful solution for non-technical stakeholders to access structured data. However, one of the…

Applications · Statistics 2025-06-23 Jiekai Ma , Yikai Zhao

As Large Language Models (LLMs) evolve in understanding and generating code, accurately evaluating their reliability in analyzing source code vulnerabilities becomes increasingly vital. While studies have examined LLM capabilities in tasks…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Yansong Li , Paula Branco , Alexander M. Hoole , Manish Marwah , Hari Manassery Koduvely , Guy-Vincent Jourdan , Stephan Jou

Text-to-SQL is a task that converts a natural language question into a structured query language (SQL) to retrieve information from a database. Large language models (LLMs) work well in natural language generation tasks, but they are not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Chunxi Guo , Zhiliang Tian , Jintao Tang , Pancheng Wang , Zhihua Wen , Kang Yang , Ting Wang

Text-to-SQL models can generate a list of candidate SQL queries, and the best query is often in the candidate list, but not at the top of the list. An effective re-rank method can select the right SQL query from the candidate list and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-05 Zhenwen Li , Tao Xie

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a powerful tool in advancing the Text-to-SQL task, significantly outperforming traditional methods.Nevertheless, as a nascent research field, there is still no consensus on the optimal prompt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Bin Zhang , Yuxiao Ye , Guoqing Du , Xiaoru Hu , Zhishuai Li , Chi Harold Liu , Zhiwei Xu , Guoliang Fan , Rui Zhao , Ziyue Li , Hangyu Mao

Text-to-SQL translates natural language questions into executable SQL queries, enabling intuitive database access for non-experts. While large language models achieve strong performance on Text-to-SQL with prompting, they still struggle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zhao Tan , Xiping Liu , Qing Shu , Qizhi Wan , Dexi Liu , Changxuan Wan

Text-to-SQL systems facilitate smooth interaction with databases by translating natural language queries into Structured Query Language (SQL), bridging the gap between non-technical users and complex database management systems. This survey…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Aditi Singh , Akash Shetty , Abul Ehtesham , Saket Kumar , Tala Talaei Khoei

Large language models (LLMs) are becoming attractive as few-shot reasoners to solve Natural Language (NL)-related tasks. However, the understanding of their capability to process structured data like tables remains an under-explored area.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Yuan Sui , Mengyu Zhou , Mingjie Zhou , Shi Han , Dongmei Zhang

The Text-to-SQL task translates natural language questions into SQL queries, enabling intuitive database interaction for non-experts. While recent methods leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve strong performance, their reliance on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Shengmin Piao , Jieun Lee , Sanghyun Park

Existing refinement methods in LLM-based Text-to-SQL systems exhibit limited effectiveness. They often introduce new errors during the self-correction process and fail to detect and correct semantic inaccuracies. To address these gaps, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Jikai Chen , Leilei Gan , Ziyu Zhao , Zechuan Wang , Dong Wang , Chenyi Zhuang

We present LLMStructBench, a novel benchmark for evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) on extracting structured data and generating valid JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) outputs from natural-language text. Our open dataset comprises…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Sönke Tenckhoff , Mario Koddenbrock , Erik Rodner

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses rely on converting narrative articles into structured, numerically grounded study records. Despite rapid advances in large language models (LLMs), it remains unclear whether they can meet the structural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Zhiyin Tan , Jennifer D'Souza

Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) is an effective method for adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) on downstream tasks. However, variability in training data can hinder a model's ability to generalize across domains. This paper studies the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Davood Rafiei , Morgan Lindsay Heisler , Weiwei Zhang , Mohammadreza Pourreza , Yong Zhang

Large language models have demonstrated excellent performance in many tasks, including Text-to-SQL, due to their powerful in-context learning capabilities. They are becoming the mainstream approach for Text-to-SQL. However, these methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Yonghui Kong , Hongbing Hu , Dan Zhang , Siyuan Chai , Fan Zhang , Wei Wang

Assessing the stability of code generation from large language models (LLMs) is essential for judging their reliability in real-world development. We extend prior "structural-entropy concepts" to the program domain by pairing entropy with…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Yewei Song , Tiezhu Sun , Xunzhu Tang , Prateek Rajput , Tegawende F. Bissyande , Jacques Klein