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The introduction of the MUStARD dataset, and its emotion recognition extension MUStARD++, have identified sarcasm to be a multi-modal phenomenon -- expressed not only in natural language text, but also through manners of speech (like…

Unified multimodal models (UMMs) were designed to combine the reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs) with the generation capability of vision models. In practice, however, this synergy remains elusive: UMMs fail to transfer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Songlin Yang , Xianghao Kong , Anyi Rao

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have shown strong performance across multimodal tasks. However, they often produce hallucinations -- text that is inconsistent with visual input, due to the limited ability to verify information in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Haonan Ge , Yiwei Wang , Ming-Hsuan Yang , Yujun Cai

With the continuous emergence of various social media platforms frequently used in daily life, the multimodal meme understanding (MMU) task has been garnering increasing attention. MMU aims to explore and comprehend the meanings of memes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Li Zheng , Hao Fei , Ting Dai , Zuquan Peng , Fei Li , Huisheng Ma , Chong Teng , Donghong Ji

Universal Multimodal Retrieval (UMR) aims to map different modalities (e.g., visual and textual) into a shared embedding space for multi-modal retrieval. Existing UMR methods can be broadly divided into two categories: early-fusion…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Juan Li , Chuanghao Ding , Xujie Zhang , Cam-Tu Nguyen

Sarcasm is a specific type of irony which involves discerning what is said from what is meant. Detecting sarcasm depends not only on the literal content of an utterance but also on non-verbal cues such as speaker's tonality, facial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Anisha Saha , Varsha Suresh , Timothy Hospedales , Vera Demberg

Large Language Models (LLMs) are known to hallucinate and generate non-factual outputs which can undermine user trust. Traditional methods to directly mitigate hallucinations, such as representation editing and contrastive decoding, often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Prasenjit Dey , Srujana Merugu , Sivaramakrishnan Kaveri

Multimodal Sentiment Analysis (MSA) is an important research area that aims to understand and recognize human sentiment through multiple modalities. The complementary information provided by multimodal fusion promotes better sentiment…

Multi-modal learning focuses on training models by equally combining multiple input data modalities during the prediction process. However, this equal combination can be detrimental to the prediction accuracy because different modalities…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-25 Hu Wang , Jianpeng Zhang , Yuanhong Chen , Congbo Ma , Jodie Avery , Louise Hull , Gustavo Carneiro

Sarcasm detection remains a significant challenge due to its reliance on nuanced contextual understanding, world knowledge, and multi-faceted linguistic cues that vary substantially across different sarcastic expressions. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Ziyang Zhou , Ziqi Liu , Yan Wang , Yiming Lin , Yangbin Chen

Conversations emerge as the primary media for exchanging ideas and conceptions. From the listener's perspective, identifying various affective qualities, such as sarcasm, humour, and emotions, is paramount for comprehending the true…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-23 Shivani Kumar , Ishani Mondal , Md Shad Akhtar , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Sarcasm in social media, frequently conveyed through the interplay of text and images, presents significant challenges for sentiment analysis and intention mining. Existing multi-modal sarcasm detection approaches have been shown to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Junjie Chen , Hang Yu , Subin Huang , Sanmin Liu , Linfeng Zhang

The easy sharing of multimedia content on social media has caused a rapid dissemination of fake news, which threatens society's stability and security. Therefore, fake news detection has garnered extensive research interest in the field of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Yangming Zhou , Yuzhou Yang , Qichao Ying , Zhenxing Qian , Xinpeng Zhang

As multimodal misinformation becomes more sophisticated, its detection and grounding are crucial. However, current multimodal verification methods, relying on passive holistic fusion, struggle with sophisticated misinformation. Due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Zizhao Chen , Ping Wei , Ziyang Ren , Huan Li , Xiangru Yin

Indirect speech such as sarcasm achieves a constellation of discourse goals in human communication. While the indirectness of figurative language warrants speakers to achieve certain pragmatic goals, it is challenging for AI agents to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Shivani Kumar , Atharva Kulkarni , Md Shad Akhtar , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have notably enhanced the performance of Multimodal Sentiment Analysis (MSA), yet their massive parameter scale leads to excessive resource consumption in training and inference, severely limiting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Shiqin Han , Manning Gao , Menghua Jiang , Yuncheng Jiang , Haifeng Hu , Sijie Mai

Deep multimodal semantic understanding that goes beyond the mere superficial content relation mining has received increasing attention in the realm of artificial intelligence. The challenges of collecting and annotating high-quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Zichen Wu , Hsiu-Yuan Huang , Fanyi Qu , Yunfang Wu

Discovering the semantics of multimodal utterances is essential for understanding human language and enhancing human-machine interactions. Existing methods manifest limitations in leveraging nonverbal information for discerning complex…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Hanlei Zhang , Hua Xu , Fei Long , Xin Wang , Kai Gao

The pervasive use of the Internet and social media introduces significant challenges to automated sentiment analysis, particularly for sarcastic expressions in user-generated content. Sarcasm conveys negative emotions through ostensibly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Zhenkai Qin , Qining Luo , Xunyi Nong

Multimodal Sarcasm Understanding (MSU) has a wide range of applications in the news field such as public opinion analysis and forgery detection. However, existing MSU benchmarks and approaches usually focus on sentence-level MSU. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Hang Du , Guoshun Nan , Sicheng Zhang , Binzhu Xie , Junrui Xu , Hehe Fan , Qimei Cui , Xiaofeng Tao , Xudong Jiang