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The vast majority of successful deep neural networks are trained using variants of stochastic gradient descent (SGD) algorithms. Recent attempts to improve SGD can be broadly categorized into two approaches: (1) adaptive learning rate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-04 Michael R. Zhang , James Lucas , Geoffrey Hinton , Jimmy Ba

Data-driven modeling of constrained multibody dynamics remains challenged by (i) the training cost of Neural ODEs, which typically require backpropagation through an ODE solver, and (ii) error accumulation in rollout predictions. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Hongyu Wang , Jingquan Wang , Dan Negrut

Heavy ball momentum is crucial in accelerating (stochastic) gradient-based optimization algorithms for machine learning. Existing heavy ball momentum is usually weighted by a uniform hyperparameter, which relies on excessive tuning.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Tao Sun , Huaming Ling , Zuoqiang Shi , Dongsheng Li , Bao Wang

Recent work by Xia et al. leveraged the continuous-limit of the classical momentum accelerated gradient descent and proposed heavy-ball neural ODEs. While this model offers computational efficiency and high utility over vanilla neural ODEs,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-14 Suneghyeon Cho , Sanghyun Hong , Kookjin Lee , Noseong Park

Flow Matching (FM) models achieve remarkable results in generative tasks. Building upon diffusion models, FM's simulation-free training paradigm enables simplicity and efficiency but introduces a train-inference gap: model outputs cannot be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Zhaoyi Li , Jingtao Ding , Yong Li , Shihua Li

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance due to their large parameter counts and extensive training data. However, their scale leads to significant memory bottlenecks during training, especially when using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Ziqing Wen , Jiahuan Wang , Ping Luo , Dongsheng Li , Tao Sun

Adam is a popular variant of stochastic gradient descent for finding a local minimizer of a function. In the constant stepsize regime, assuming that the objective function is differentiable and non-convex, we establish the convergence in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-05-15 Anas Barakat , Pascal Bianchi

Backward error analysis allows finding a modified loss function, which the parameter updates really follow under the influence of an optimization method. The additional loss terms included in this modified function is called implicit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Jinwoo Lim , Suhyun Kim , Soo-Mook Moon

The Adaptive Momentum Estimation (Adam) algorithm is highly effective in training various deep learning tasks. Despite this, there's limited theoretical understanding for Adam, especially when focusing on its vanilla form in non-convex…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-02-25 Yusu Hong , Junhong Lin

Accurate proprioceptive odometry is fundamental for legged robot navigation in GPS-denied and visually degraded environments where conventional visual odometry systems fail. Current approaches face critical limitations: analytical filtering…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Changsheng Luo , Yushi Wang , Wenhan Cai , Mingguo Zhao

Adam is widely adopted in practical applications due to its fast convergence. However, its theoretical analysis is still far from satisfactory. Existing convergence analyses for Adam rely on the bounded smoothness assumption, referred to as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Bohan Wang , Yushun Zhang , Huishuai Zhang , Qi Meng , Ruoyu Sun , Zhi-Ming Ma , Tie-Yan Liu , Zhi-Quan Luo , Wei Chen

This work introduces NOVAK, a modular gradient-based optimization algorithm that integrates adaptive moment estimation, rectified learning-rate scheduling, decoupled weight regularization, multiple variants of Nesterov momentum, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Sergii Kavun

Adam is widely recognized as one of the most effective optimizers for training deep neural networks (DNNs). Despite its remarkable empirical success, its theoretical convergence analysis remains unsatisfactory. Existing works predominantly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Hanyang Peng , Shuang Qin , Yue Yu , Fangqing Jiang , Hui Wang , Zhouchen Lin

Hybrid pipelines that combine deep learning with classical optimization have established themselves as the dominant approach to visual odometry (VO). By integrating neural network predictions with bundle adjustment, these models estimate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Vlardimir Yugay , Duy-Kien Nguyen , Theo Gevers , Cees G. M. Snoek , Martin R. Oswald

The vast majority of modern deep learning models are trained with momentum-based first-order optimizers. The momentum term governs the optimizer's memory by determining how much each past gradient contributes to the current convergence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Kristi Topollai , Anna Choromanska

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) and its momentum variants form the backbone of deep learning optimization, yet the underlying dynamics of their gradient behavior remain insufficiently understood. In this work, we reinterpret gradient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Zhipeng Yao , Rui Yu , Guisong Chang , Ying Li , Yu Zhang , Dazhou Li

We propose FlowReg, a deep learning-based framework for unsupervised image registration for neuroimaging applications. The system is composed of two architectures that are trained sequentially: FlowReg-A which affinely corrects for gross…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-02 Sergiu Mocanu , Alan R. Moody , April Khademi

Optimization algorithms are core methods by which machine learning models iteratively minimize loss functions, update parameters, learn from data, and improve performance. Momentum SGD and AdamW represent two important optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Meng Zhu , Quan Xiao , Weidong Min

First-order stochastic optimization methods are currently the most widely used class of methods for training deep neural networks. However, the choice of the optimizer has become an ad-hoc rule that can significantly affect the performance.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-21 Samy Jelassi , Aaron Defazio

In this work, to efficiently help escape the stationary and saddle points, we propose, analyze, and generalize a stochastic strategy performed as an operator for a first-order gradient descent algorithm in order to increase the target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-23 Wei Zhang , Yu Bao