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Magic is a property of a quantum state that characterizes its deviation from a stabilizer state, serving as a useful resource for achieving universal quantum computation e.g., within schemes that use Clifford operations. In this work, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-15 Poetri Sonya Tarabunga , Claudio Castelnovo

The development of a framework for quantifying "non-stabiliserness" of quantum operations is motivated by the magic state model of fault-tolerant quantum computation, and by the need to estimate classical simulation cost for noisy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-05 James R. Seddon , Earl T. Campbell

We discuss an alternative to relative entropy as a measure of distance between mixed quantum states. The proposed quantity is an extension to the realm of quantum theory of the Jensen-Shannon divergence (JSD) between probability…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 A. P. Majtey , P. W. Lamberti , D. P. Prato

Magic and entanglement are two measures that are widely used to characterize quantum resources. We study the interplay between magic and entanglement in two-qubit systems, focusing on the two extremes: maximal magic and minimal magic for a…

Recent results on the non-universality of fault-tolerant gate sets underline the critical role of resource states, such as magic states, to power scalable, universal quantum computation. Here we develop a resource theory, analogous to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-16 Victor Veitch , Seyed Ali Hamed Mousavian , Daniel Gottesman , Joseph Emerson

Motivated by their necessity for most fault-tolerant quantum computation schemes, we formulate a resource theory for magic states. We first show that robustness of magic is a well-behaved magic monotone that operationally quantifies the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-03-16 Mark Howard , Earl T. Campbell

We demonstrate the use of variational neural network quantum states to study non-stabilizerness in qubit-regularised quantum field theory. Applying the methodology recently introduced by Sinibaldi et al., we numerically compute the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-08-14 Samuel Crew , Hsueh Hao Lu

The advent of quantum technologies brought forward much attention to the theoretical characterization of the computational resources they provide. A method to quantify quantum resources is to use a class of functions called magic monotones…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-14 Arash Ahmadi , Eliska Greplova

Quantum computing's promise lies in its intrinsic complexity, with entanglement initially heralded as its hallmark. However, the quest for quantum advantage extends beyond entanglement, encompassing the realm of nonstabilizer (magic)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-05 Antonio Francesco Mello , Guglielmo Lami , Mario Collura

Jensen-Shannon divergence (JD) is a symmetrized and smoothed version of the most important divergence measure of information theory, Kullback divergence. As opposed to Kullback divergence it determines in a very direct way a metric; indeed,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-05-14 Jop Briët , Peter Harremoës

Magic is a quantum resource essential for universal quantum computation and represents the deviation of quantum states from those that can be simulated efficiently using classical algorithms. Using the Stabilizer R\'enyi Entropy (SRE), we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-14 Qiaofeng Liu , Ian Low , Zhewei Yin

Quantum state preparation can be strikingly counterintuitive: the fastest route to a target state need not start from the apparently closest initial condition. We uncover such a quantum Mpemba effect in the dynamical generation of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-07 Zhenyu Xiao , Hao-Kai Zhang , Shuo Liu

Quantum resource theories are a powerful framework to characterize and quantify relevant quantum phenomena and identify processes that optimize their use for different tasks. Here, we define a resource measure for magic, the sought-after…

We introduce entropic measures to quantify non-classical resource in hybrid spin-boson systems. We discuss the stabilizer R\'enyi entropy in the framework of phase space quantisation and define an analogous hybrid magic entropy and a mutual…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-08-11 Samuel Crew , Ying-Lin Li , Heng-Hsi Li , Po-Yao Chang

The leading approach to fault tolerant quantum computing requires a continual supply of magic states. When a new magic state is first encoded, its initial fidelity will be too poor for use in the computation. This necessitates a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-24 Ying Li

Quantum Fourier analysis is an important topic in mathematical physics. We introduce a systematic protocol for testing and measuring ``magic'' in quantum states and gates, using a quantum Fourier approach. Magic, as a quantum resource, is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-03 Kaifeng Bu , Weichen Gu , Arthur Jaffe

In the realm of fault-tolerant quantum computing, stabilizer operations play a pivotal role, characterized by their remarkable efficiency in classical simulation. This efficiency sets them apart from non-stabilizer operations within the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-30 Chengkai Zhu , Zhiping Liu , Chenghong Zhu , Xin Wang

The classification of many-body quantum states plays a fundamental role in the study of quantum phases of matter. In this work, we propose an approach to classify quantum states by introducing the concept of magic class. In addition, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-09 Kaifeng Bu , Arthur Jaffe , Zixia Wei

Non-stabilizerness - also colloquially referred to as magic - is the a resource for advantage in quantum computing and lies in the access to non-Clifford operations. Developing a comprehensive understanding of how non-stabilizerness can be…

Quantum state discrimination plays a central role in defining the possible and impossible operations through a restricted class of quantum operations. A seminal result by Bennett et al. [Phys. Rev. A 59, 1070 (1999)] demonstrates the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-01 Hyukjoon Kwon