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Dynamic vector commitments that enable local updates of opening proofs have applications ranging from verifiable databases with membership changes to stateless clients on blockchains. In these applications, each user maintains a relevant…
A sparse Merkle tree is a Merkle tree with fixed height and indexed leaves given by a map from indices to leaf values. It allows for both efficient membership and non-membership proofs. It has been widely used as an authenticated data…
As one of the representative blockchain platforms, Ethereum has attracted lots of attacks. Due to the existed financial loss, there is a pressing need to perform timely investigation and detect more attack instances. Though multiple systems…
We present SwiftEmbed, a production-oriented serving system for static token embeddings that achieves 1.12\,ms p50 latency for single-text requests while maintaining a 60.6 MTEB average score across 8 representative tasks. Built around the…
Cross-Blockchain communication has gained traction due to the increasing fragmentation of blockchain networks and scalability solutions such as side-chaining and sharding. With SmartSync, we propose a novel concept for cross-blockchain…
Operating nodes in an L1 blockchain remains costly despite recent advances in blockchain technology. One of the most resource-intensive components of a node is the blockchain database, also known as StateDB, that manages balances, nonce,…
We introduce Blockene, a blockchain that reduces resource usage at member nodes by orders of magnitude, requiring only a smartphone to participate in block validation and consensus. Despite being lightweight, Blockene provides a high…
Smart contract platforms facilitate the development of important and diverse distributed applications in a simple manner. This simplicity stems from the inherent utility of employing the state of smart contracts to store, query and verify…
Merkle structures are widely used as commitment schemes: they allow a prover to publish a compact commitment to an ordered list $X$ of items, and then efficiently prove to a verifier that $x_i\in X$ is the $i$-th item in it. We compare…
This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of storage proofs in the Ethereum ecosystem, examining their role in addressing historical and cross-chain state access challenges. We systematically review existing approaches to historical…
Hyperledger Fabric stands as a leading framework for permissioned blockchain systems, ensuring data security and auditability for enterprise applications. As applications on this platform grow, understanding its complex configuration…
Smart contracts are small programs that run autonomously on the blockchain, using it as their persistent memory. The predominant platform for smart contracts is the Ethereum VM (EVM). In EVM smart contracts, a problem with significant…
Blockchain platforms such as Ethereum and several others execute complex transactions in blocks through user-defined scripts known as smart contracts. To append a correct block into blockchain, miners execute these transactions of smart…
Full nodes, which synchronize the entire blockchain history and independently validate all the blocks, form the backbone of any blockchain network by playing a vital role in ensuring security properties. On the other hand, a user running a…
In the paper, we present designs for multiple blockchain consensus primitives and a novel blockchain system, all based on the use of trusted execution environments (TEEs), such as Intel SGX-enabled CPUs. First, we show how using TEEs for…
Blockchain emerged as a solution for data integrity, non-repudiation, and availability in different applications. Data sensitive scenarios, such as Health Care, can also benefit from these blockchain properties. Consequently, different…
Zero-knowledge proof generation imposes stringent timing and reliability constraints on blockchain systems. For ZK-rollups, delayed proofs cause finality lag and economic loss; for Ethereum's emerging L1 zkEVM, proofs must complete within…
A smart contract on a blockchain cannot keep a secret because its data is replicated on all nodes in a network. To remedy this problem, it has been suggested to combine blockchains with trusted execution environments (TEEs), such as Intel…
Light nodes in blockchain systems are known to be vulnerable to data availability (DA) attacks where they accept an invalid block with unavailable portions. Previous works have used LDPC and 2-D Reed Solomon (2D-RS) codes with Merkle Trees…
Blockchains have seen growing traction with cryptocurrencies reaching a market cap of over 1 trillion dollars, major institution investors taking interests, and global impacts on governments, businesses, and individuals. Also growing…