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Constrained devices, such as smart sensors, wearable devices, and Internet of Things nodes, are increasingly prevalent in society and rely on secure communications to function properly. These devices often operate autonomously, exchanging…

The continuous-variable (CV) Gaussian no-go theorem fundamentally limits the suppression of Gaussian displacement errors using only Gaussian gates and states. Prior studies have employed Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) states as ancillary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-21 Fucheng Guo , Frank Mueller , Yuan Liu

Instantaneous quantum computing is a sub-universal quantum complexity class, whose circuits have proven to be hard to simulate classically in the Discrete-Variable (DV) realm. We extend this proof to the Continuous-Variable (CV) domain by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-02-21 T. Douce , D. Markham , E. Kashefi , E. Diamanti , T. Coudreau , P. Milman , P. van Loock , G. Ferrini

In quantum error correction, information is encoded in a high-dimensional system to protect it from the environment. A crucial step is to use natural, low-weight operations with an ancilla to extract information about errors without causing…

Quantum error correction is essential for achieving fault-tolerant quantum computation. However, most typical quantum error-correcting codes are designed for generic noise models, which may fail to accurately capture the intricate noise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-21 Yuguo Shao , Yong-Chang Li , Fuchuan Wei , Hao Zhan , Ben Wang , Zhaohui Wei , Lijian Zhang , Zhengwei Liu

Continuous-variable (CV) quantum key distribution (QKD) allows for quantum secure communication with the benefit of being close to existing classical coherent communication. In recent years, CV QKD protocols using a discrete number of…

To implement fault-tolerant quantum computation with continuous variables, Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) qubits have been recognized as an important technological element. However, the analog outcome of GKP qubits, which includes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-13 Kosuke Fukui , Akihisa Tomita , Atsushi Okamoto

Transferring quantum information between different types of quantum hardware is crucial for integrated quantum technology. In particular, converting information between continuous-variable (CV) and discrete-variable (DV) devices enables…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-25 Alexandru Macridin , Andy C. Y. Li , Panagiotis Spentzouris

Quantum error correction (QEC) aims to mitigate the loss of quantum information to the environment, which is a critical requirement for practical quantum computing. Existing QEC implementations heavily rely on measurement-based feedback,…

Dissipation engineering has attracted growing interest as an approach to controlling open quantum systems through engineered system-environment interactions. Standard variational quantum circuits are usually built from unitary operations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-26 Yuan Yao , Ruipeng Xing , Yongjian Gu , Yiming Huang , Xiao Yuan

Quantum computation and communication rely on the ability to manipulate quantum states robustly and with high fidelity. Thus, some form of error correction is needed to protect fragile quantum superposition states from corruption by…

Encoding quantum information into a set of harmonic oscillators is considered a hardware efficient approach to mitigate noise for reliable quantum information processing. Various codes have been proposed to encode a qubit into an oscillator…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-13 Anthony J. Brady , Alec Eickbusch , Shraddha Singh , Jing Wu , Quntao Zhuang

Quantum error correction is believed to be a necessity for large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computation. In the past two decades, various constructions of quantum error-correcting codes (QECCs) have been developed, leading to many good…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-07 Chenfeng Cao , Chao Zhang , Zipeng Wu , Markus Grassl , Bei Zeng

Quantum key distribution (QKD) enables the establishment of secret keys between users connected via a channel vulnerable to eavesdropping, with information-theoretic security, that is, independently of the power of a malevolent party. QKD…

Quantum key distribution relying on the principles of quantum mechanics enables two parties to produce a shared random secret key, thereby ensuring the security of data transmission. Continuous variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-05 Dengke Qi , Xiangyu Wang , Jiayu Ma , Zhenghua Li , Ziyang Chen , Yueming Lu , Song Yu

Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for quantum computers to perform useful algorithms, but large-scale fault-tolerant computation remains out of reach due to demanding requirements on operation fidelity and the number of…

Hybrid continuous-variable (CV)-discrete-variable (DV) quantum systems present a promising direction for quantum computing by combining the high dimensional encoding capabilities of qumodes with the control offered by DV qubits on the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-05 Shubdeep Mohapatra , Yuan Liu , Eddy Z. Zhang , Huiyang Zhou

We examine the role of quantum error correction (QEC) in achieving pretty good quantum state transfer over a class of $1$-d spin Hamiltonians. Recasting the problem of state transfer as one of information transmission over an underlying…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-14 Akshaya Jayashankar , Prabha Mandayam

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) schemes are key exchange protocols based on the physical properties of quantum channels. They avoid the computational-hardness assumptions that underlie the security of classical key exchange.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-19 Arpan Akash Ray , Boris Skoric

Current approaches to fault-tolerant quantum computation will not enable useful quantum computation on near-term devices of 50 to 100 qubits. Leading proposals, such as the color code and surface code schemes, must devote a large fraction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-08 Peter D. Johnson , Jonathan Romero , Jonathan Olson , Yudong Cao , Alán Aspuru-Guzik