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Large language model (LLM)-based agents combine LLMs with external tools to automate tasks such as scheduling meetings, managing documents, or booking travel. While these integrations unlock powerful capabilities, they also create new and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Jonathan Evertz , Merlin Chlosta , Lea Schönherr , Thorsten Eisenhofer

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in privacy-critical and personalization-oriented scenarios, yet the role of context length in shaping privacy leakage and personalization effectiveness remains largely unexplored. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Shangding Gu

Large language model (LLM) services have been rapidly integrated into people's daily lives as chatbots and agentic systems. They are nourished by collecting rich streams of data, raising privacy concerns around excessive collection of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Zhen Tao , Shidong Pan , Zhenchang Xing , Emily Black , Talia Gillis , Chunyang Chen

Users increasingly rely on large language models (LLMs) for personal, emotionally charged, and socially sensitive conversations. However, prompts sent to cloud-hosted models can contain personally identifiable information (PII) that users…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Chelsea McMurray , Hayder Tirmazi

As Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve remarkable success across a wide range of applications, such as chatbots and code copilots, concerns surrounding the generation of harmful content have come increasingly into focus. Despite…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Wenjie Fu , Huandong Wang , Junyao Gao , Guoan Wan , Tao Jiang

While defenses for structured PII are mature, Large Language Models (LLMs) pose a new threat: Semantic Sensitive Information (SemSI), where models infer sensitive identity attributes, generate reputation-harmful content, or hallucinate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Umid Suleymanov , Zaur Rajabov , Emil Mirzazada , Murat Kantarcioglu

Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT can infer personal attributes from seemingly innocuous text, raising privacy risks beyond memorized data leakage. While prior work has demonstrated these risks, little is known about how users…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Synthia Wang , Sai Teja Peddinti , Nina Taft , Nick Feamster

The rise of reinforcement learning (RL) in critical real-world applications demands a fundamental rethinking of privacy in AI systems. Traditional privacy frameworks, designed to protect isolated data points, fall short for sequential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Flint Xiaofeng Fan , Cheston Tan , Roger Wattenhofer , Yew-Soon Ong

Large language models (LLMs) are sophisticated artificial intelligence systems that enable machines to generate human-like text with remarkable precision. While LLMs offer significant technological progress, their development using vast…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Yashothara Shanmugarasa , Ming Ding , M. A. P Chamikara , Thierry Rakotoarivelo

The interactive use of large language models (LLMs) in AI assistants (at work, home, etc.) introduces a new set of inference-time privacy risks: LLMs are fed different types of information from multiple sources in their inputs and are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Niloofar Mireshghallah , Hyunwoo Kim , Xuhui Zhou , Yulia Tsvetkov , Maarten Sap , Reza Shokri , Yejin Choi

Smartphones bring significant convenience to users but also enable devices to extensively record various types of personal information. Existing smartphone agents powered by Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Zhixin Lin , Jungang Li , Shidong Pan , Yibo Shi , Yue Yao , Dongliang Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in sensitive domains including healthcare, legal services, and confidential communications, where privacy is paramount. This paper introduces Whisper Leak, a side-channel attack that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Geoff McDonald , Jonathan Bar Or

With LLMs increasingly deployed in corporate data management, it is crucial to ensure that these models do not leak sensitive information. In the context of corporate data management, the concept of sensitivity awareness has been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Dren Fazlija , Iyiola E. Olatunji , Daniel Kudenko , Sandipan Sikdar

In this work, we aim to clarify and reconcile metrics for evaluating privacy protection in text through a systematic survey. Although text anonymization is essential for enabling NLP research and model development in domains with sensitive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Yaxuan Ren , Krithika Ramesh , Yaxing Yao , Anjalie Field

As Speech Language Models (SLMs) transition from personal devices to shared, multi-user environments such as smart homes, a new challenge emerges: the model is expected to distinguish between users to manage information flow appropriately.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-29 Yuxiang Wang , Hongyu Liu , Dekun Chen , Xueyao Zhang , Zhizheng Wu

We study an information theoretic privacy mechanism design problem for two scenarios where the private data is either observable or hidden. In each scenario, we first consider bounded mutual information as privacy leakage criterion, then we…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-12-26 Amirreza Zamani , Tobias J. Oechtering , Mikael Skoglund

As language models evolve into autonomous agents that act and communicate on behalf of users, ensuring safety in multi-agent ecosystems becomes a central challenge. Interactions between personal assistants and external service providers…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Amr Gomaa , Ahmed Salem , Sahar Abdelnabi

As the issues of privacy and trust are receiving increasing attention within the research community, various attempts have been made to anonymize textual data. A significant subset of these approaches incorporate differentially private…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-05 Justus Mattern , Benjamin Weggenmann , Florian Kerschbaum

Despite advances in the field of privacy-preserving Natural Language Processing (NLP), a significant challenge remains the accurate evaluation of privacy. As a potential solution, using LLMs as a privacy evaluator presents a promising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Stephen Meisenbacher , Alexandra Klymenko , Florian Matthes

In sensitive domains such as medical and legal, protecting sensitive information is critical, with protective laws strictly prohibiting the disclosure of personal data. This poses challenges for sharing valuable data such as medical reports…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Anthony Hughes , Ning Ma , Nikolaos Aletras