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Large language models (LLMs) increasingly excel at mathematical reasoning, but their unreliability limits their utility in mathematics research. A mitigation is using LLMs to generate formal proofs in languages like Lean. We perform the…

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate considerable potential in various natural language tasks but face significant challenges in mathematical reasoning, particularly in executing precise, multi-step logic. However, current evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Tiasa Singha Roy , Aditeya Baral , Ayush Rajesh Jhaveri , Yusuf Baig

The widespread adoption of web applications has made their security a critical concern and has increased the need for systematic ways to assess whether they can be considered trustworthy. However, "trust" assessment remains an open problem…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Oleksandr Yarotskyi , José D'Abruzzo Pereira , João R. Campos

We introduce ProofGrid, a benchmark suite for evaluating LLM reasoning through machine-checkable proofs rather than final answers alone. ProofGrid contains 15 tasks spanning proof writing, proof checking, proof masking, and proof…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Konstantine Arkoudas , Serafim Batzoglou

Large Language Models (LLMs) are versatile, yet they often falter in tasks requiring deep and reliable reasoning due to issues like hallucinations, limiting their applicability in critical scenarios. This paper introduces a rigorously…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Saizhuo Wang , Zhihan Liu , Zhaoran Wang , Jian Guo

A Large Language Model (LLM) represents a cutting-edge artificial intelligence model that generates coherent content, including grammatically precise sentences, human-like paragraphs, and syntactically accurate code snippets. LLMs can play…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Robson Santos , Italo Santos , Cleyton Magalhaes , Ronnie de Souza Santos

While large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and PaLM have demonstrated remarkable performance in various language understanding and generation tasks, their capabilities in complex reasoning and intricate knowledge utilization still…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Haodi Zhang , Min Cai , Xinhe Zhang , Chen Jason Zhang , Rui Mao , Kaishun Wu

Informal mathematics has been central to modern large language model (LLM) reasoning, offering flexibility and enabling efficient construction of arguments. However, purely informal reasoning is prone to logical gaps and subtle errors that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Azim Ospanov , Zijin Feng , Jiacheng Sun , Haoli Bai , Xin Shen , Farzan Farnia

Systematic reviews are crucial for synthesizing scientific evidence but remain labor-intensive, especially when extracting detailed methodological information. Large language models (LLMs) offer potential for automating methodological…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Wenqing Zhang , Trang Nguyen , Elizabeth A. Stuart , Yiqun T. Chen

This paper considers the development of an AI-based provably-correct mathematical proof tutor. While Large Language Models (LLMs) allow seamless communication in natural language, they are error prone. Theorem provers such as Lean allow for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Manooshree Patel , Rayna Bhattacharyya , Thomas Lu , Arnav Mehta , Niels Voss , Narges Norouzi , Gireeja Ranade

This paper considers the development of an AI-based provably-correct mathematical proof tutor. While Large Language Models (LLMs) allow seamless communication in natural language, they are error prone. Theorem provers such as Lean allow for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Manooshree Patel , Rayna Bhattacharyya , Thomas Lu , Arnav Mehta , Niels Voss , Narges Norouzi , Gireeja Ranade

Proof assistants like Lean have revolutionized mathematical proof verification, ensuring high accuracy and reliability. Although large language models (LLMs) show promise in mathematical reasoning, their advancement in formal theorem…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Huajian Xin , Daya Guo , Zhihong Shao , Zhizhou Ren , Qihao Zhu , Bo Liu , Chong Ruan , Wenda Li , Xiaodan Liang

Large language models (LLMs) are widely used, but they often generate subtle factual errors, especially in long-form text. These errors are fatal in some specialized domains such as medicine. Existing fact-checking with grounding documents…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Yingjian Chen , Haoran Liu , Yinhong Liu , Jinxiang Xie , Rui Yang , Han Yuan , Yanran Fu , Peng Yuan Zhou , Qingyu Chen , James Caverlee , Irene Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have limited performance when solving arithmetic reasoning tasks and often provide incorrect answers. Unlike natural language understanding, math problems typically have a single correct answer, making the task…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Shima Imani , Liang Du , Harsh Shrivastava

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in manipulating natural language across multiple applications, but their ability to handle simple reasoning tasks is often questioned. In this work, we aim to provide a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Alessandro Raganato , Rafael Peñaloza , Marco Viviani , Gabriella Pasi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have impressive capabilities in text understanding and zero-shot reasoning. However, delays in knowledge updates may cause them to reason incorrectly or produce harmful results. Knowledge Graphs (KGs) provide…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Tu Ao , Yanhua Yu , Yuling Wang , Yang Deng , Zirui Guo , Liang Pang , Pinghui Wang , Tat-Seng Chua , Xiao Zhang , Zhen Cai

Detecting evidence within the context is a key step in the process of reasoning task. Evaluating and enhancing the capabilities of LLMs in evidence detection will strengthen context-based reasoning performance. This paper proposes a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Zhouhong Gu , Lin Zhang , Xiaoxuan Zhu , Jiangjie Chen , Wenhao Huang , Yikai Zhang , Shusen Wang , Zheyu Ye , Yan Gao , Hongwei Feng , Yanghua Xiao

Exceptional mathematical reasoning ability is one of the key features that demonstrate the power of large language models (LLMs). How to comprehensively define and evaluate the mathematical abilities of LLMs, and even reflect the user…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Zihao Zhou , Shudong Liu , Maizhen Ning , Wei Liu , Jindong Wang , Derek F. Wong , Xiaowei Huang , Qiufeng Wang , Kaizhu Huang

Self-correction has emerged as a promising solution to boost the reasoning performance of large language models (LLMs), where LLMs refine their solutions using self-generated critiques that pinpoint the errors. This work explores whether…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Yunxiang Zhang , Muhammad Khalifa , Lajanugen Logeswaran , Jaekyeom Kim , Moontae Lee , Honglak Lee , Lu Wang

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive formal reasoning abilities, they often break down when problems require complex proof planning. One promising approach for improving LLM reasoning abilities involves…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Joseph Cotnareanu , Didier Chetelat , Yingxue Zhang , Mark Coates
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