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We interact with computers on an everyday basis, be it in everyday life or work, and many aspects of work can be done entirely with access to a computer and the Internet. At the same time, thanks to improvements in large language models…

Deep research systems are widely used for multi-step web research, analysis, and cross-source synthesis, yet their evaluation remains challenging. Existing benchmarks often require annotation-intensive task construction, rely on static…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Yibo Wang , Lei Wang , Yue Deng , Keming Wu , Yao Xiao , Huanjin Yao , Liwei Kang , Hai Ye , Yongcheng Jing , Lidong Bing

The ability of large language models (LLMs) to mimic human-like intelligence has led to a surge in LLM-based autonomous agents. Though recent LLMs seem capable of planning and reasoning given user instructions, their effectiveness in…

Recently, large language model (LLM)-based agents have achieved significant success in interactive environments, attracting significant academic and industrial attention. Despite these advancements, current research predominantly focuses on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Peng Wang , Ruihan Tao , Qiguang Chen , Mengkang Hu , Libo Qin

Language Model (LM) agents for cybersecurity that are capable of autonomously identifying vulnerabilities and executing exploits have potential to cause real-world impact. Policymakers, model providers, and researchers in the AI and…

In automated web testing, generating test scripts from natural language task descriptions is crucial for enhancing the test generation process. This activity involves creating the correct sequences of actions to form test scripts for future…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Duy Cao , Phu Nguyen , Vy Le , Tien N. Nguyen , Vu Nguyen

Agent applications are increasingly adopted to automate workflows across diverse tasks. However, due to the heterogeneous domains they operate in, it is challenging to create a scalable evaluation framework. Prior works each employ their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Penny Chong , Harshavardhan Abichandani , Jiyuan Shen , Atin Ghosh , Min Pyae Moe , Yifan Mai , Daniel Dahlmeier

As benchmarks grow in complexity, many apparent agent failures are not failures of the agent at all - they are failures of the benchmark itself: broken specifications, implicit assumptions, and rigid evaluation scripts that penalize valid…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Xinming Tu , Tianze Wang , Yingzhou , Lu , Kexin Huang , Yuanhao Qu , Sara Mostafavi

Language agents increasingly act as web-enabled systems that search, browse, and synthesize information from diverse sources. However, these sources can include unreliable or adversarial content, and the robustness of agents to adversarial…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Shrey Shah , Levent Ozgur

Graphical user interface (GUI) agents can substantially improve productivity by automating frequently executed long-latency tasks on mobile devices. However, existing evaluation benchmarks are still constrained to limited applications,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Yue Cao , Yingyao Wang , Pi Bu , Jingxuan Xing , Wei Jiang , Zekun Zhu , Junpeng Ma , Sashuai Zhou , Tong Lu , Jun Song , Yu Cheng , Yuning Jiang , Bo Zheng

Web application pentesting is a crucial component in the offensive cybersecurity area, whose aim is to safeguard web applications and web services as the majority of the web applications are mounted in publicly accessible web environments.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-17 María Olivares-Naya , Jacobo Casado de Gracia , Alfonso Sánchez-Macián

While individual components of agentic architectures have been studied in isolation, there remains limited empirical understanding of how different design dimensions interact within complex multi-agent systems. This study aims to address…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Tara Bogavelli , Roshnee Sharma , Hari Subramani

As GUI agents increasingly rely on screenshots to perceive and operate digital environments, they may inadvertently expose sensitive information such as identities, accounts, locations, and behavioral traces. While existing benchmarks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Yanxi Wang , Zhiling Zhang , Wenbo Zhou , Weiming Zhang , Jie Zhang , Qiannan Zhu , Yu Shi , Shuxin Zheng , Jiyan He

Mobile Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents aim to autonomously complete tasks within or across apps based on user instructions. While recent Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) enable these agents to interpret UI screens and perform…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Linqiang Guo , Wei Liu , Yi Wen Heng , Tse-Hsun , Chen , Yang Wang

Long-term memory is crucial for agents in specialized web environments, where success depends on recalling interface affordances, state dynamics, workflows, and recurring failure modes. However, existing memory benchmarks for agents mostly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Di Wu , Zixiang Ji , Asmi Kawatkar , Bryan Kwan , Jia-Chen Gu , Nanyun Peng , Kai-Wei Chang

Penetration testing is critical for identifying and mitigating security vulnerabilities, yet traditional approaches remain expensive, time-consuming, and dependent on expert human labor. Recent work has explored AI-driven pentesting agents,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Wuyuao Mai , Geng Hong , Qi Liu , Jinsong Chen , Jiarun Dai , Xudong Pan , Yuan Zhang , Min Yang

In this paper, we introduce Watch-And-Help (WAH), a challenge for testing social intelligence in agents. In WAH, an AI agent needs to help a human-like agent perform a complex household task efficiently. To succeed, the AI agent needs to i)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Xavier Puig , Tianmin Shu , Shuang Li , Zilin Wang , Yuan-Hong Liao , Joshua B. Tenenbaum , Sanja Fidler , Antonio Torralba

OpenAI's ChatGPT Atlas introduces new capabilities for web interaction, enabling the model to analyze webpages, process user intents, and execute cursor and keyboard inputs directly within the browser. While its capacity for information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Jingran Zhang , Ning Li , Justin Cui

Efficiently solving real-world problems with LLMs increasingly hinges on their ability to interact with dynamic web environments and autonomously acquire external information. While recent research like Search-R1 and WebDancer demonstrates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Tao Yu , Zhengbo Zhang , Zhiheng Lyu , Junhao Gong , Hongzhu Yi , Xinming Wang , Yuxuan Zhou , Jiabing Yang , Ping Nie , Yan Huang , Wenhu Chen

Computer-using agents have shown strong potential to boost human productivity and enable new application forms across platforms. While recent advances have led to usable applications, existing benchmarks fail to account for the internal…

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