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In an era where the volume of data drives the effectiveness of self-supervised learning, the specificity and clarity of data semantics play a crucial role in model training. Addressing this, we introduce HYPerbolic Entailment filtering…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Wonjae Kim , Sanghyuk Chun , Taekyung Kim , Dongyoon Han , Sangdoo Yun

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) face significant safety vulnerabilities from malicious prompt attacks due to weakened alignment during visual integration. Existing defenses suffer from efficiency and robustness. To address these challenges,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Peigui Qi , Kunsheng Tang , Yanpu Yu , Jialin Wu , Yide Song , Wenbo Zhou , Zhicong Huang , Cheng Hong , Weiming Zhang , Nenghai Yu

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing, yet their practical utility is often limited by persistent issues of hallucinations and outdated parametric knowledge. Although post-training model editing offers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yash Kumar Atri , Ahmed Alaa , Thomas Hartvigsen

Vision-language models (VLMs) are increasingly applied to identify unsafe or inappropriate images due to their internal ethical standards and powerful reasoning abilities. However, it is still unclear whether they can recognize various…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Yiting Qu , Michael Backes , Yang Zhang

System prompts are critical for guiding the behavior of Large Language Models (LLMs), yet they often contain proprietary logic or sensitive information, making them a prime target for extraction attacks. Adversarial queries can successfully…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Huseein Jawad , Nicolas Brunel

Addressing the retrieval of unsafe content from vision-language models such as CLIP is an important step towards real-world integration. Current efforts have relied on unlearning techniques that try to erase the model's knowledge of unsafe…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Tobia Poppi , Tejaswi Kasarla , Pascal Mettes , Lorenzo Baraldi , Rita Cucchiara

Workplace accidents due to personal protective equipment (PPE) non-compliance raise serious safety concerns and lead to legal liabilities, financial penalties, and reputational damage. While object detection models have shown the capability…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Zhiling Chen , Hanning Chen , Mohsen Imani , Ruimin Chen , Farhad Imani

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across diverse tasks, but their potential misuse for harmful purposes remains a significant concern. To strengthen defenses against such vulnerabilities, it is essential…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Seongho Joo , Hyukhun Koh , Kyomin Jung

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have remarkable abilities in generating multimodal reasoning tasks. However, potential misuse or safety alignment concerns of VLMs have increased significantly due to different categories of attack vectors.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Md Jueal Mia , M. Hadi Amini

Open-world detection poses significant challenges, as it requires the detection of any object using either object class labels or free-form texts. Existing related works often use large-scale manual annotated caption datasets for training,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Fanjie Kong , Yanbei Chen , Jiarui Cai , Davide Modolo

The increasing sophistication of large vision-language models (LVLMs) has been accompanied by advances in safety alignment mechanisms designed to prevent harmful content generation. However, these defenses remain vulnerable to sophisticated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Quanchen Zou , Zonghao Ying , Moyang Chen , Wenzhuo Xu , Yisong Xiao , Yakai Li , Deyue Zhang , Dongdong Yang , Zhao Liu , Xiangzheng Zhang

Prompt-based attack techniques are one of the primary challenges in securely deploying and protecting LLM-based AI systems. LLM inputs are an unbounded, unstructured space. Consequently, effectively defending against these attacks requires…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Henry Chen , Victor Aranda , Samarth Keshari , Ryan Heartfield , Nicole Nichols

The rapid evolution of social media has provided enhanced communication channels for individuals to create online content, enabling them to express their thoughts and opinions. Multimodal memes, often utilized for playful or humorous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Minh-Hao Van , Xintao Wu

Metric learning plays a critical role in training image retrieval and classification. It is also a key algorithm in representation learning, e.g., for feature learning and its alignment in metric space. Hyperbolic embedding has been…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Shiyang Yan , Zongxuan Liu , Lin Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are powerful text generators, yet they can produce toxic or harmful content even when given seemingly harmless prompts. This presents a serious safety challenge and can cause real-world harm. Toxicity is often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Himanshu Singh , Ziwei Xu , A. V. Subramanyam , Mohan Kankanhalli

Large language models (LLMs) have shown great success in text modeling tasks across domains. However, natural language exhibits inherent semantic hierarchies and nuanced geometric structure, which current LLMs do not capture completely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Neil He , Rishabh Anand , Hiren Madhu , Ali Maatouk , Smita Krishnaswamy , Leandros Tassiulas , Menglin Yang , Rex Ying

Recently, driven by advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), Vision Language Action Models (VLAMs) are being proposed to achieve better performance in open-vocabulary scenarios for robotic manipulation tasks. Since…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Hao Cheng , Erjia Xiao , Yichi Wang , Chengyuan Yu , Mengshu Sun , Qiang Zhang , Jiahang Cao , Yijie Guo , Ning Liu , Kaidi Xu , Jize Zhang , Chao Shen , Philip Torr , Jindong Gu , Renjing Xu

The recent growth in the use of Large Language Models has made them vulnerable to sophisticated adversarial assaults, manipulative prompts, and encoded malicious inputs. Existing countermeasures frequently necessitate retraining models,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Sheikh Samit Muhaimin , Spyridon Mastorakis

Vision-language models (VLMs) are essential for contextual understanding of both visual and textual information. However, their vulnerability to adversarially manipulated inputs presents significant risks, leading to compromised outputs and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Xuefeng Du , Reshmi Ghosh , Robert Sim , Ahmed Salem , Vitor Carvalho , Emily Lawton , Yixuan Li , Jack W. Stokes

Pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs) are highly adaptable to various downstream tasks through few-shot learning, making prompt-based anomaly detection a promising approach. Traditional methods depend on human-crafted prompts that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Pi-Wei Chen , Jerry Chun-Wei Lin , Jia Ji , Feng-Hao Yeh , Zih-Ching Chen , Chao-Chun Chen
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