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Arctic regions, such as northern Canada, face significant challenges in achieving consistent connectivity and low-latency computing services due to the sparse coverage of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites. To enhance service reliability in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-25 Mohammed Almekhlafi , Antoine Lesage-Landry , Gunes Karabulut Kurt

Edge computing enables data processing closer to the source, significantly reducing latency, an essential requirement for real-time vision-based analytics such as object detection in surveillance and smart city environments. However, these…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Daghash K. Alqahtani , Maria A. Rodriguez , Muhammad Aamir Cheema , Hamid Rezatofighi , Adel N. Toosi

In the ambitious realm of space AI, the integration of federated learning (FL) with low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations holds immense promise. However, many challenges persist in terms of feasibility, learning efficiency, and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Mohamed Elmahallawy , Tie Luo

Today's Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks, exemplified by SpaceX's Starlink, play a crucial role in delivering global internet access to millions of users. However, managing the dynamic and expansive nature of these networks poses…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Dara Ron , Faisal Ahmed Yusufzai , Sebastian Kwakye , Satyaki Roy , Nishanth Sastry , Vijay K. Shah

Earth observation (EO) is a prime instrument for monitoring land and ocean processes, studying the dynamics at work, and taking the pulse of our planet. This article gives a bird's eye view of the essential scientific tools and approaches…

This paper proposes a novel split learning architecture designed to exploit the cyclical movement of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites in non-terrestrial networks (NTNs). Although existing research focuses on offloading tasks to the NTN…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Marc Martinez-Gost , Ana Pérez-Neira

Multi orbit low earth orbit (LEO) satellites communication is envisioned as a key infrastructure to deliver global coverage, enabling future services from space air ground integrated networks.However, the optimized design of LEO which…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-18 Yingzhuo Sun , Yulan Gao , Ming Xiao , Zhu Han , Octavia A. Dobre

The Earth observation satellites (EOSs) are specially designed to collect images according to user requirements. The agile EOSs (AEOS), with stronger attitude maneuverability, greatly improve the observation capability, while increasing the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-28 Xinwei Wang , Chao Han , Roel Leus

Multi-modal co-learning is emerging as an effective paradigm in machine learning, enabling models to collaboratively learn from different modalities to enhance single-modality predictions. Earth Observation (EO) represents a quintessential…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Francisco Mena , Dino Ienco , Cassio F. Dantas , Roberto Interdonato , Andreas Dengel

Low earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellation-enabled communication networks are expected to be an important part of many Internet of Things (IoT) deployments due to their unique advantage of providing seamless global coverage. In this…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Keke Ying , Zhen Gao , Sheng Chen , Mingyu Zhou , Dezhi Zheng , Symeon Chatzinotas , Björn Ottersten , H. Vincent Poor

Earth-observation satellites are emerging as distributed edge platforms for time-critical tasks, yet orbital scheduling remains challenged by intermittent energy harvesting and temporal coupling where eager execution risks future battery…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Ansel Kaplan Erol , Divya Mahajan

With the burgeoning demand for data-intensive services, satellite-terrestrial networks (STNs) face increasing backhaul link congestion, deteriorating user quality of service (QoS), and escalating power consumption. Cache-aided STNs are…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Shuo Yuan , Yaohua Sun , Mugen Peng

As a key complement to terrestrial networks and a fundamental component of future 6G systems, Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks are expected to provide high-quality communication services when integrated with ground-based…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Zixuan Song , Zhishu Shen , Xiaoyu Zheng , Qiushi Zheng , Zheng Lei , Jiong Jin

Low-earth-orbit (LEO) satellite communication networks have evolved into mega-constellations with hundreds to thousands of satellites inter-connecting with inter-satellite links (ISLs). Network planning, which plans for network resources…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Sheng Cen , Qiying Pan , Yifei Zhu , Bo Li

A significant amount of remotely sensed data is generated daily by many Earth observation (EO) spaceborne and airborne sensors over different countries of our planet. Different applications use those data, such as natural hazard monitoring,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-23 Alessandro Sebastianelli , Francesco Mauro , Giulia Ciabatti , Dario Spiller , Bertrand Le Saux , Paolo Gamba , Silvia Ullo

Optical Earth observation satellites acquire images worldwide , covering up to several million square kilometers every day. The complexity of scheduling acquisitions for such systems increases exponentially when considering the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-14 Adrien Hadj-Salah , Rémi Verdier , Clément Caron , Mathieu Picard , Mikaël Capelle

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite mega-constellations with hundreds or thousands of satellites and inter-satellite links (ISLs) have the potential to provide global end-to-end connectivity. Furthermore, if the physical distance between source…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Rasmus Sibbern Frederiksen , Thomas Gundgaard Mulvad , Israel Leyva-Mayorga , Tatiana Kozlova Madsen , Federico Chiariotti

Low earth orbit (LEO) mega-constellations, integrating government space systems and commercial practices, have emerged as enabling technologies for the sixth generation (6G) networks due to their good merits of global coverage and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Lin Shih-Chun , Lin Chia-Hung , Chu Liang C. , Lien Shao-Yu

Satellite missions and Earth Observation (EO) systems represent fundamental assets for environmental monitoring and the timely identification of catastrophic events, long-term monitoring of both natural resources and human-made assets, such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Luca Colomba , Paolo Garza

The advances in satellite technology developments have recently seen a large number of small satellites being launched into space on Low Earth orbit (LEO) to collect massive data such as Earth observational imagery. The traditional way…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Mohamed Elmahallawy , Tie Luo