English
Related papers

Related papers: Stealthy and Adjustable Text-Guided Backdoor Attac…

200 papers

Contrastive learning has become a leading self- supervised approach to representation learning across domains, including vision, multimodal settings, graphs, and federated learning. However, recent studies have shown that contrastive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Simi D Kuniyilh , Rita Machacy

Large Language Models (LLMs) can acquire deceptive behaviors through backdoor attacks, where the model executes prohibited actions whenever secret triggers appear in the input. Existing safety training methods largely fail to address this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Guangyu Shen , Siyuan Cheng , Xiangzhe Xu , Yuan Zhou , Hanxi Guo , Zhuo Zhang , Xiangyu Zhang

Backdoor attacks pose a significant security risk to graph learning models. Backdoors can be embedded into the target model by inserting backdoor triggers into the training dataset, causing the model to make incorrect predictions when the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Zihan Guan , Mengnan Du , Ninghao Liu

Textual backdoor attacks are a kind of practical threat to NLP systems. By injecting a backdoor in the training phase, the adversary could control model predictions via predefined triggers. As various attack and defense models have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Ganqu Cui , Lifan Yuan , Bingxiang He , Yangyi Chen , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Large-scale language models have achieved tremendous success across various natural language processing (NLP) applications. Nevertheless, language models are vulnerable to backdoor attacks, which inject stealthy triggers into models for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Yujin Huang , Terry Yue Zhuo , Qiongkai Xu , Han Hu , Xingliang Yuan , Chunyang Chen

Prompt-based learning is vulnerable to backdoor attacks. Existing backdoor attacks against prompt-based models consider injecting backdoors into the entire embedding layers or word embedding vectors. Such attacks can be easily affected by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Kai Mei , Zheng Li , Zhenting Wang , Yang Zhang , Shiqing Ma

Natural language processing (NLP) systems have been proven to be vulnerable to backdoor attacks, whereby hidden features (backdoors) are trained into a language model and may only be activated by specific inputs (called triggers), to trick…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Shaofeng Li , Hui Liu , Tian Dong , Benjamin Zi Hao Zhao , Minhui Xue , Haojin Zhu , Jialiang Lu

Current backdoor attacks against federated learning (FL) strongly rely on universal triggers or semantic patterns, which can be easily detected and filtered by certain defense mechanisms such as norm clipping, comparing parameter…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-02 Yanqi Qiao , Dazhuang Liu , Congwen Chen , Rui Wang , Kaitai Liang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have greatly advanced Natural Language Processing (NLP), particularly through instruction tuning, which enables broad task generalization without additional fine-tuning. However, their reliance on large-scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 San Kim , Gary Geunbae Lee

The implications of backdoor attacks on English-centric large language models (LLMs) have been widely examined - such attacks can be achieved by embedding malicious behaviors during training and activated under specific conditions that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Xuanli He , Jun Wang , Qiongkai Xu , Pasquale Minervini , Pontus Stenetorp , Benjamin I. P. Rubinstein , Trevor Cohn

Backdoor data poisoning, inserted within instruction examples used to fine-tune a foundation Large Language Model (LLM) for downstream tasks (\textit{e.g.,} sentiment prediction), is a serious security concern due to the evasive nature of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Jayaram Raghuram , George Kesidis , David J. Miller

Machine learning is vulnerable to adversarial manipulation. Previous literature has demonstrated that at the training stage attackers can manipulate data and data sampling procedures to control model behaviour. A common attack goal is to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-17 Mikel Bober-Irizar , Ilia Shumailov , Yiren Zhao , Robert Mullins , Nicolas Papernot

Backdoor attacks pose a new threat to NLP models. A standard strategy to construct poisoned data in backdoor attacks is to insert triggers (e.g., rare words) into selected sentences and alter the original label to a target label. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-28 Leilei Gan , Jiwei Li , Tianwei Zhang , Xiaoya Li , Yuxian Meng , Fei Wu , Yi Yang , Shangwei Guo , Chun Fan

Text-to-image diffusion models (T2I DMs) have achieved remarkable success in generating high-quality and diverse images from text prompts, yet recent studies have revealed their vulnerability to backdoor attacks. Existing attack methods…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Haoran Dai , Jiawen Wang , Ruo Yang , Manali Sharma , Zhonghao Liao , Yuan Hong , Binghui Wang

Recently, a series of pioneer studies have shown the potency of pre-trained models in sequential recommendation, illuminating the path of building an omniscient unified pre-trained recommendation model for different downstream…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Yiqing Wu , Ruobing Xie , Zhao Zhang , Yongchun Zhu , FuZhen Zhuang , Jie Zhou , Yongjun Xu , Qing He

Instruction tuning enhances large vision-language models (LVLMs) but increases their vulnerability to backdoor attacks due to their open design. Unlike prior studies in static settings, this paper explores backdoor attacks in LVLM…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Siyuan Liang , Jiawei Liang , Tianyu Pang , Chao Du , Aishan Liu , Mingli Zhu , Xiaochun Cao , Dacheng Tao

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable success in cross-modal understanding and generation, yet their deployment is threatened by critical safety vulnerabilities. While prior works have demonstrated the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Kun Wang , Cheng Qian , Miao Yu , Lilan Peng , Liang Lin , Jiaming Zhang , Tianyu Zhang , Yu Cheng , Yang Wang

While text-to-image synthesis currently enjoys great popularity among researchers and the general public, the security of these models has been neglected so far. Many text-guided image generation models rely on pre-trained text encoders…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Lukas Struppek , Dominik Hintersdorf , Kristian Kersting

Adversarial attacks constitute a notable threat to machine learning systems, given their potential to induce erroneous predictions and classifications. However, within real-world contexts, the essential specifics of the deployed model are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Jingwen Ye , Ruonan Yu , Songhua Liu , Xinchao Wang

The prompt-based learning paradigm, which bridges the gap between pre-training and fine-tuning, achieves state-of-the-art performance on several NLP tasks, particularly in few-shot settings. Despite being widely applied, prompt-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Shuai Zhao , Jinming Wen , Luu Anh Tuan , Junbo Zhao , Jie Fu