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Although Vision Transformers (ViTs) have become the standard architecture in computer vision, their massive sizes lead to significant computational overhead. Token compression techniques have attracted considerable attention to address this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Jaeyeon Lee , Dong-Wan Choi

Recent token reduction methods for Vision Transformers (ViTs) incorporate token merging, which measures the similarities between token embeddings and combines the most similar pairs. However, their merging policies are directly dependent on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Dong Hoon Lee , Seunghoon Hong

Increasing the throughput of the Transformer architecture, a foundational component used in numerous state-of-the-art models for vision and language tasks (e.g., GPT, LLaVa), is an important problem in machine learning. One recent and…

Token compression is essential for reducing the computational and memory requirements of transformer models, enabling their deployment in resource-constrained environments. In this work, we propose an efficient and hardware-compatible token…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Junzhu Mao , Yang Shen , Jinyang Guo , Yazhou Yao , Xiansheng Hua

This work presents Adaptive Local-then-Global Merging (ALGM), a token reduction method for semantic segmentation networks that use plain Vision Transformers. ALGM merges tokens in two stages: (1) In the first network layer, it merges…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Narges Norouzi , Svetlana Orlova , Daan de Geus , Gijs Dubbelman

Video large language models (LLMs) achieve strong video understanding by leveraging a large number of spatio-temporal tokens, but suffer from quadratic computational scaling with token count. To address this, we propose a training-free…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Jeongseok Hyun , Sukjun Hwang , Su Ho Han , Taeoh Kim , Inwoong Lee , Dongyoon Wee , Joon-Young Lee , Seon Joo Kim , Minho Shim

We introduce Token Merging (ToMe), a simple method to increase the throughput of existing ViT models without needing to train. ToMe gradually combines similar tokens in a transformer using a general and light-weight matching algorithm that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Daniel Bolya , Cheng-Yang Fu , Xiaoliang Dai , Peizhao Zhang , Christoph Feichtenhofer , Judy Hoffman

Token merging has emerged as a new paradigm that can accelerate the inference of Vision Transformers (ViTs) without any retraining or fine-tuning. To push the frontier of training-free acceleration in ViTs, we improve token merging by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Jung Hwan Heo , Seyedarmin Azizi , Arash Fayyazi , Massoud Pedram

Large language models (LLMs) have enabled the creation of multi-modal LLMs that exhibit strong comprehension of visual data such as images and videos. However, these models usually rely on extensive visual tokens from visual encoders,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Yiwu Zhong , Zhuoming Liu , Yin Li , Liwei Wang

Recent token merging techniques for Vision Transformers (ViTs) provide substantial speedups by reducing the number of tokens processed by self-attention, often without retraining. However, their direct application to the Segment Anything…

Token compression is crucial for mitigating the quadratic complexity of self-attention mechanisms in Vision Transformers (ViTs), which often involve numerous input tokens. Existing methods, such as ToMe, rely on GPU-inefficient operations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Simin Huo , Ning Li

The Foundation model for image segmentation, Segment Anything (SAM), has been actively researched in various fields since its proposal. Various researches have been proposed to adapt SAM to specific domains, with one notable approach…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Joohyeok Kim , Joonhyeon Song , Seohwan Yun , Seongho Yoon , Sangmin Lee

Many mobile applications demand selective execution of multiple correlated deep learning inference tasks on resource-constrained platforms. Given a set of deep neural networks, each pre-trained for a single task, it is desired that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Xiaoxi He , Dawei Gao , Zimu Zhou , Yongxin Tong , Lothar Thiele

Vision Transformer models have shown impressive effectiveness in the surgical video understanding tasks through long-range dependency modeling. However, current methods suffer from prohibitive computational costs due to processing massive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Xixi Jiang , Chen Yang , Dong Zhang , Pingcheng Dong , Xin Yang , Kwang-Ting Cheng

Transformers are widely applied to solve natural language understanding and computer vision tasks. While scaling up these architectures leads to improved performance, it often comes at the expense of much higher computational costs. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-25 Cedric Renggli , André Susano Pinto , Neil Houlsby , Basil Mustafa , Joan Puigcerver , Carlos Riquelme

Is it always necessary to compute tokens from shallow to deep layers in Transformers? The continued success of vanilla Transformers and their variants suggests an undoubted "yes". In this work, however, we attempt to break the depth-ordered…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Zhuocheng Gong , Ang Lv , Jian Guan , Junxi Yan , Wei Wu , Huishuai Zhang , Minlie Huang , Dongyan Zhao , Rui Yan

Increasing AI computing demands and slowing transistor scaling have led to the advent of Multi-Chip-Module (MCMs) based accelerators. MCMs enable cost-effective scalability, higher yield, and modular reuse by partitioning large chips into…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Ritik Raj , Shengjie Lin , William Won , Tushar Krishna

Vision transformers have demonstrated remarkable success in a wide range of computer vision tasks over the last years. However, their high computational costs remain a significant barrier to their practical deployment. In particular, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Maxim Bonnaerens , Joni Dambre

Most text-video retrieval methods utilize the text-image pre-trained models like CLIP as a backbone. These methods process each sampled frame independently by the image encoder, resulting in high computational overhead and limiting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Leqi Shen , Tianxiang Hao , Tao He , Sicheng Zhao , Yifeng Zhang , Pengzhang Liu , Yongjun Bao , Guiguang Ding

Large-scale transformers are central to modern semantic communication, yet their high computational and communication costs hinder deployment on resource-constrained edge devices. This paper introduces a training-free framework for adaptive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Omar Erak , Omar Alhussein , Hatem Abou-Zeid , Mehdi Bennis , Sami Muhaidat
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