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Related papers: Topology, forcing, and graph colourings

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In this paper, we study a dynamic coloring of the vertices of a graph $G$ that starts with an initial subset $S$ of colored vertices, with all remaining vertices being non-colored. At each discrete time interval, a colored vertex with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-10-27 Randy Davila , Michael Henning

A dynamic coloring of the vertices of a graph $G$ starts with an initial subset $S$ of colored vertices, with all remaining vertices being non-colored. At each discrete time interval, a colored vertex with exactly one non-colored neighbor…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-08-18 Randy Davila , Michael Henning

Zero forcing can be described as a combinatorial game on a graph that uses a color change rule in which vertices change white vertices to blue. The throttling number of a graph minimizes the sum of the number of vertices initially colored…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-02-23 Joshua Carlson , Juergen Kritschgau

Let $G$ be a simple, finite, and undirected graph with vertices each given an initial coloring of either blue or white. Zero forcing on graph $G$ is an iterative process of forcing its white vertices to become blue after a finite…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-02-11 Ma. Nerissa M. Abara , Prince Allan B. Pelayo

Zero forcing is a one-player game played on a graph. The player chooses some set of vertices to color, then iteratively applies a color change rule: If all but one of a colored vertex's neighbors are colored, color (i.e. "force") the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-10-02 Shannon Dillman , Franklin Kenter

The zero forcing number is the minimum number of black vertices that can turn a white graph black following a single neighbour colour forcing rule. The zero forcing number provides topological information about linear algebra on graphs,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-02-10 Alexei Vazquez

In the List $k$-Coloring problem we are given a graph whose every vertex is equipped with a list, which is a subset of $\{1,\ldots,k\}$. We need to decide if $G$ admits a proper coloring, where every vertex receives a color from its list.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-29 Marta Piecyk , Paweł Rzążewski

This paper introduces the concept of domination in the context of colored graphs (where each color assigns a weight to the vertices of its class), termed up-color domination, where a vertex dominating another must be heavier than the other.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-02-12 María A. Garrido-Vizuete , Mucuy-kak Guevara , Alberto Márquez , Rafael Robles

We prove that for any weakly convergent sequence of finite graphs with bounded vertex degrees, there exists a topological limit graphing.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Gabor Elek

A vertex ranking of a graph is an assignment of ranks (or colors) to the vertices of the graph, in such a way that any simple path connecting two vertices of equal rank, must contain a vertex of a higher rank. In this paper we study a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-09-21 Ilan Karpas , Ofer Neiman , Shakhar Smorodinsky

Zero forcing is a process on a graph that colors vertices blue by starting with some of the vertices blue and applying a color change rule. Throttling minimizes the sum of the size of the initial blue vertex set and the number of the time…

Zero forcing is a binary coloring game on a graph where a set of filled vertices can force non-filled vertices to become filled following a color change rule. In 2008, the zero forcing number of a graph was shown to be an upper bound on its…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-12 Thomas R. Cameron , Jonad Pulaj

We use forcing over admissible sets to show that, for every ordinal $\alpha$ in a club $C\subset\omega_1$, there are copies of $\alpha$ such that the isomorphism between them is not computable in the join of the complete $\Pi^1_1$ set…

Logic · Mathematics 2024-08-21 Noah Schweber

In this short note we prove the Borel conjecture for a family of aspherical manifolds that includes higher graph manifolds.

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2019-12-05 Noé Bárcenas , Daniel Juan-Pineda , Pablo Suárez-Serrato

Zero forcing is an iterative coloring process on a graph that has been widely used in such different areas as the modelling of propagation phenomena in networks and the study of minimum rank problems in matrices and graphs. This paper deals…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-09-24 Josep Fàbrega , Jaume Martí-Farré , Xavier Muñoz

For a positive integer $k$, a $k$-colouring of a graph $G=(V,E)$ is a mapping $c: V\rightarrow\{1,2,...,k\}$ such that $c(u)\neq c(v)$ whenever $uv\in E$. The Colouring problem is to decide, for a given $G$ and $k$, whether a $k$-colouring…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-02-16 Petr A. Golovach , Matthew Johnson , Daniël Paulusma , Jian Song

The (disjoint) fort number and fractional zero forcing number are introduced and related to existing parameters including the (standard) zero forcing number. The fort hypergraph is introduced and hypergraph results on transversals and…

This paper describes several new problems and ideas concerning algebraic geometry and complexity theory. It first uses the idea of coloring graphs with elements of finite fields. This procedure then shows that graph coloring problems can be…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-03-20 Paul Hriljac

While a number of bounds are known on the zero forcing number $Z(G)$ of a graph $G$ expressed in terms of the order of a graph and maximum or minimum degree, we present two bounds that are related to the (upper) total domination number…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-10-12 Boštjan Brešar , María Gracia Cornet , Tanja Dravec , Michael Henning

Graph coloring problems are a central topic of study in the theory of algorithms. We study the problem of partially coloring partially colorable graphs. For $\alpha \leq 1$ and $k \in \mathbb{Z}^+$, we say that a graph $G=(V,E)$ is…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-09-02 Suprovat Ghoshal , Anand Louis , Rahul Raychaudhury