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Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have shown remarkable progress in embodied tasks recently, but most methods process visual observations independently at each timestep. This history-agnostic design treats robot manipulation as a Markov…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Lei Xiao , Jifeng Li , Juntao Gao , Feiyang Ye , Yan Jin , Jingjing Qian , Jing Zhang , Yong Wu , Xiaoyuan Yu

Imitation learning for robotic manipulation often suffers from limited generalization and data scarcity, especially in complex, long-horizon tasks. In this work, we introduce a hierarchical framework that leverages code-generating…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Markus Peschl , Pietro Mazzaglia , Daniel Dijkman

Learning high-performance control policies that remain consistent with expert behavior is a fundamental challenge in robotics. Reinforcement learning can discover high-performing strategies but often departs from desirable human behavior,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Siwei Ju , Jan Tauberschmidt , Oleg Arenz , Peter van Vliet , Jan Peters

In robotics, diffusion models can capture multi-modal trajectories from demonstrations, making them a transformative approach in imitation learning. However, achieving optimal performance following this regiment requires a large-scale…

Modeling multimodal human behavior has been a key barrier to increasing the level of interaction between human and robot, particularly for collaborative tasks. Our key insight is that an effective, learned robot policy used for human-robot…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Eley Ng , Ziang Liu , Monroe Kennedy

Training vision-based manipulation policies that are robust across diverse visual environments remains an important and unresolved challenge in robot learning. Current approaches often sidestep the problem by relying on invariant…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Sumeet Batra , Gaurav Sukhatme

A fairly reliable trend in deep reinforcement learning is that the performance scales with the number of parameters, provided a complimentary scaling in amount of training data. As the appetite for large models increases, it is imperative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Bogdan Mazoure , Walter Talbott , Miguel Angel Bautista , Devon Hjelm , Alexander Toshev , Josh Susskind

In robotic visuomotor policy learning, diffusion-based models have achieved significant success in improving the accuracy of action trajectory generation compared to traditional autoregressive models. However, they suffer from inefficiency…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Zhefei Gong , Pengxiang Ding , Shangke Lyu , Siteng Huang , Mingyang Sun , Wei Zhao , Zhaoxin Fan , Donglin Wang

Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) are indispensable for marine exploration; yet, their control is hindered by nonlinear hydrodynamics, time-varying disturbances, and localization uncertainty. Traditional controllers provide only limited…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-24 Jingzehua Xu , Weiyi Liu , Weihang Zhang , Zhuofan Xi , Guanwen Xie , Shuai Zhang , Yi Li

Learning visuomotor policy for multi-task robotic manipulation has been a long-standing challenge for the robotics community. The difficulty lies in the diversity of action space: typically, a goal can be accomplished in multiple ways,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Kun Wu , Yichen Zhu , Jinming Li , Junjie Wen , Ning Liu , Zhiyuan Xu , Jian Tang

Visual Odometry (VO) is essential to downstream mobile robotics and augmented/virtual reality tasks. Despite recent advances, existing VO methods still rely on heuristic design choices that require several weeks of hyperparameter tuning by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Nico Messikommer , Giovanni Cioffi , Mathias Gehrig , Davide Scaramuzza

Traditional visual servoing methods suffer from serving between scenes from multiple perspectives, which humans can complete with visual signals alone. In this paper, we investigated how multi-perspective visual servoing could be solved…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Lei Zhang , Jiacheng Pei , Kaixin Bai , Zhaopeng Chen , Jianwei Zhang

Diffusion-based models for robotic control, including vision-language-action (VLA) and vision-action (VA) policies, have demonstrated significant capabilities. Yet their advancement is constrained by the high cost of acquiring large-scale…

Vision-language-action (VLA) models have shown strong generalization across tasks and embodiments; however, their reliance on large-scale human demonstrations limits their scalability owing to the cost and effort of manual data collection.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Rushuai Yang , Hangxing Wei , Ran Zhang , Zhiyuan Feng , Xiaoyu Chen , Tong Li , Chuheng Zhang , Li Zhao , Jiang Bian , Xiu Su , Yi Chen

Contact force in contact-rich environments is an essential modality for robots to perform general-purpose manipulation tasks, as it provides information to compensate for the deficiencies of visual and proprioceptive data in collision…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Bo Zhou , Ruixuan Jiao , Yi Li , Xiaogang Yuan , Fang Fang , Shihua Li

The ability to transfer knowledge gained in previous tasks into new contexts is one of the most important mechanisms of human learning. Despite this, adapting autonomous behavior to be reused in partially similar settings is still an open…

Robotics · Computer Science 2016-08-03 Shreyansh Daftry , J. Andrew Bagnell , Martial Hebert

In the context of imitation learning, visuomotor-based diffusion policy learning is one of the main directions in robotic manipulation. Most of these approaches rely on point clouds as observation inputs and construct scene representations…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Zehao Ni , Yonghao He , Lingfeng Qian , Jilei Mao , Fa Fu , Wei Sui , Hu Su , Junran Peng , Zhipeng Wang , Bin He

Visual reasoning models (VRMs) have recently shown strong cross-modal reasoning capabilities by integrating visual perception with language reasoning. However, they often suffer from overthinking, producing unnecessarily long reasoning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Yixu Huang , Tinghui Zhu , Muhao Chen

In partially observable (PO) environments, deep reinforcement learning (RL) agents often suffer from unsatisfactory performance, since two problems need to be tackled together: how to extract information from the raw observations to solve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-25 Dongqi Han , Kenji Doya , Jun Tani

Learning visuomotor control policies in robotic systems is a fundamental problem when aiming for long-term behavioral autonomy. Recent supervised-learning-based vision and motion perception systems, however, are often separately built with…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Marvin Chancán , Michael Milford