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Because 3D structure of a roadway environment can be characterized directly by a Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensors, they can be used to obtain exceptional situational awareness for assitive and autonomous driving systems. Although…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Ghazal Farhani , Taufiq Rahman , Syed Mostaquim Ali , Andrew Liu , Mohamed Zaki , Dominique Charlebois , Benoit Anctil

Accurate 3D object detection is vital for automated driving. While lidar sensors are well suited for this task, they are expensive and have limitations in adverse weather conditions. 3+1D imaging radar sensors offer a cost-effective, robust…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Patrick Palmer , Martin Krüger , Stefan Schütte , Richard Altendorfer , Ganesh Adam , Torsten Bertram

The performance of perception systems developed for autonomous driving vehicles has seen significant improvements over the last few years. This improvement was associated with the increasing use of LiDAR sensors and point cloud data to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Yahia Dalbah , Jean Lahoud , Hisham Cholakkal

LiDAR and 4D radar are widely used in autonomous driving and robotics. While LiDAR provides rich spatial information, 4D radar offers velocity measurement and remains robust under adverse conditions. As a result, increasing studies have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Xiangyuan Peng , Miao Tang , Huawei Sun , Bierzynski Kay , Lorenzo Servadei , Robert Wille

LiDAR and Radar are two complementary sensing approaches in that LiDAR specializes in capturing an object's 3D shape while Radar provides longer detection ranges as well as velocity hints. Though seemingly natural, how to efficiently…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Yingjie Wang , Jiajun Deng , Yao Li , Jinshui Hu , Cong Liu , Yu Zhang , Jianmin Ji , Wanli Ouyang , Yanyong Zhang

When localizing and detecting 3D objects for autonomous driving scenes, obtaining information from multiple sensor (e.g. camera, LIDAR) typically increases the robustness of 3D detectors. However, the efficient and effective fusion of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-11 Can Chen , Luca Zanotti Fragonara , Antonios Tsourdos

In the realm of modern autonomous driving, the perception system is indispensable for accurately assessing the state of the surrounding environment, thereby enabling informed prediction and planning. The key step to this system is related…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Ziying Song , Lin Liu , Feiyang Jia , Yadan Luo , Guoxin Zhang , Lei Yang , Li Wang , Caiyan Jia

Lidar-based object detectors are critical parts of the 3D perception pipeline in autonomous navigation systems such as self-driving cars. However, they are known to be sensitive to adverse weather conditions such as rain, snow and fog due…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-16 Velat Kilic , Deepti Hegde , Vishwanath Sindagi , A. Brinton Cooper , Mark A. Foster , Vishal M. Patel

Autonomous vehicles rely on a variety of sensors to gather information about their surrounding. The vehicle's behavior is planned based on the environment perception, making its reliability crucial for safety reasons. The active LiDAR…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Mariella Dreissig , Dominik Scheuble , Florian Piewak , Joschka Boedecker

In autonomous driving, LiDAR and radar are crucial for environmental perception. LiDAR offers precise 3D spatial sensing information but struggles in adverse weather like fog. Conversely, radar signals can penetrate rain or mist due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Yanlong Yang , Jianan Liu , Tao Huang , Qing-Long Han , Gang Ma , Bing Zhu

Reliable autonomous driving systems require accurate detection of traffic participants. To this end, multi-modal fusion has emerged as an effective strategy. In particular, 4D radar and LiDAR fusion methods based on multi-frame radar point…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Xiangyuan Peng , Yu Wang , Miao Tang , Bierzynski Kay , Lorenzo Servadei , Robert Wille

Monocular 3D object detection is an important challenging task in autonomous driving. Existing methods mainly focus on performing 3D detection in ideal weather conditions, characterized by scenarios with clear and optimal visibility.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Youngmin Oh , Hyung-Il Kim , Seong Tae Kim , Jung Uk Kim

Reliable obstacle detection and classification in rough and unstructured terrain such as agricultural fields or orchards remains a challenging problem. These environments involve large variations in both geometry and appearance, challenging…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-03-14 Mikkel Kragh , James Underwood

4D millimeter-wave (mmWave) radar has been widely adopted in autonomous driving and robot perception due to its low cost and all-weather robustness. However, point-cloud-based radar representations suffer from information loss due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Runwei Guan , Jianan Liu , Shaofeng Liang , Fangqiang Ding , Shanliang Yao , Xiaokai Bai , Daizong Liu , Tao Huang , Guoqiang Mao , Hui Xiong

Unlike RGB cameras that use visible light bands (384$\sim$769 THz) and Lidars that use infrared bands (361$\sim$331 THz), Radars use relatively longer wavelength radio bands (77$\sim$81 GHz), resulting in robust measurements in adverse…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Dong-Hee Paek , Seung-Hyun Kong , Kevin Tirta Wijaya

Multimodal sensor fusion is an essential capability for autonomous robots, enabling object detection and decision-making in the presence of failing or uncertain inputs. While recent fusion methods excel in normal environmental conditions,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Edoardo Palladin , Roland Dietze , Praveen Narayanan , Mario Bijelic , Felix Heide

Recently, 4D millimetre-wave radar exhibits more stable perception ability than LiDAR and camera under adverse conditions (e.g. rain and fog). However, low-quality radar points hinder its application, especially the odometry task that…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Zhiheng Li , Yubo Cui , Ningyuan Huang , Chenglin Pang , Zheng Fang

Safety and reliability are crucial for the public acceptance of autonomous driving. To ensure accurate and reliable environmental perception, intelligent vehicles must exhibit accuracy and robustness in various environments. Millimeter-wave…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Yue Sun , Yeqiang Qian , Chunxiang Wang , Ming Yang

Millimeter-wave radar enables robust environment perception in autonomous systems under adverse conditions yet suffers from sparse, noisy point clouds with low angular resolution. Existing diffusion-based radar enhancement methods either…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-13 Hao Li , Xinqi Liu , Yaoqing Jin

Scene flow allows autonomous vehicles to reason about the arbitrary motion of multiple independent objects which is the key to long-term mobile autonomy. While estimating the scene flow from LiDAR has progressed recently, it remains largely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Fangqiang Ding , Zhijun Pan , Yimin Deng , Jianning Deng , Chris Xiaoxuan Lu