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Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning has proven effective in enhancing large language models (LLMs) on complex tasks, spurring research into its underlying mechanisms. However, two primary challenges remain for real-world applications: (1) the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Qiguang Chen , Libo Qin , Jinhao Liu , Yue Liao , Jiaqi Wang , Jingxuan Zhou , Wanxiang Che

Mathematical reasoning is essential for problem-solving in education, science, and industry, serving as a crucial benchmark for evaluating artificial intelligence systems. As Large Language Models (LLMs) improve their reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Husnain Amjad , Raja Khurram Shahzad , Aamir Shahzad , Mehwish Fatima

Large Language Models (LLMs) hold significant potential for advancing fact-checking by leveraging their capabilities in reasoning, evidence retrieval, and explanation generation. However, existing benchmarks fail to comprehensively evaluate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Shuo Yang , Yuqin Dai , Guoqing Wang , Xinran Zheng , Jinfeng Xu , Jinze Li , Zhenzhe Ying , Weiqiang Wang , Edith C. H. Ngai

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has led to a surge of financial benchmarks, evolving from static knowledge evaluation toward interactive trading simulations. However, existing frameworks for evaluating real-time…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2026-05-28 Wentao Zhang , Mingxuan Zhao , Jincheng Gao , Jieshun You , Huaiyu Jia , Yilei Zhao , Bo An , Shuo Sun

Extracting structured information from visual documents (Visual Information Extraction, VIE) is a cornerstone of business automation. While recent Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown promising capabilities, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Yandi Wang , Libin Zhan , Ziwei Huang , Tiancheng Luo , Yuxuan Jiang , Wang Dong , Leilei Gan , Jun Chen

Assessing the capacity of Large Language Models (LLMs) to plan and reason within the constraints of interactive environments is crucial for developing capable AI agents. We introduce $\textbf{LLM-BabyBench}$, a new benchmark suite designed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Omar Choukrani , Idriss Malek , Daniil Orel , Zhuohan Xie , Zangir Iklassov , Martin Takáč , Salem Lahlou

Recent large language models (LLMs) achieve near-saturation accuracy on many established mathematical reasoning benchmarks, raising concerns about their ability to diagnose genuine reasoning competence. This saturation largely stems from…

Reasoning models have demonstrated impressive performance on difficult tasks that traditional language models struggle at. However, many are plagued with the problem of overthinking--generating large amounts of unnecessary tokens which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Xiao Pu , Michael Saxon , Wenyue Hua , William Yang Wang

Artificial intelligence and machine learning are increasingly used for forecasting, optimization, and policy design in the energy sector, yet no standardized framework exists to evaluate whether these systems reason correctly. Current…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Eliseo Curcio

We introduce the first version of KWBench (Knowledge Work Bench), a benchmark for unprompted problem recognition in large language models: can an LLM identify a professional scenario before attempting to solve it. Existing frontier…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Ankit Maloo

Forecasting is an important task in many domains, such as technology and economics. However existing forecasting benchmarks largely lack comprehensive confidence assessment, focus on limited question types, and often consist of artificial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Zhangdie Yuan , Zifeng Ding , Andreas Vlachos

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in critical applications requiring reliable reasoning, yet their internal reasoning processes remain difficult to evaluate systematically. Existing methods focus on final-answer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Shaima Ahmad Freja , Ferhat Ozgur Catak , Betul Yurdem , Chunming Rong

Estimating task progress requires reasoning over long-horizon dynamics rather than recognizing static visual content. While modern Vision-Language Models (VLMs) excel at describing what is visible, it remains unclear whether they can infer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Jianshu Zhang , Chengxuan Qian , Haosen Sun , Haoran Lu , Dingcheng Wang , Letian Xue , Han Liu

As the mathematical capabilities of large language models (LLMs) improve, it becomes increasingly important to evaluate their performance on research-level tasks at the frontier of mathematical knowledge. However, existing benchmarks are…

Disasters cause severe societal impacts, demanding rapid coordination of heterogeneous AI tools, from satellite analysis to flood prediction and damage assessment, into coherent multi-step workflows. As LLMs increasingly serve as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Zhitong Chen , Kai Yin , Weifeng Zhang , Zhiyuan Wang , Xiangjue Dong , Chengkai Liu , Zhewei Liu , Yiming Xiao , Ali Mostafavi , James Caverlee

Generating rationales that justify scoring decisions has been a promising way to facilitate explainability in automated scoring systems. However, existing methods do not match the accuracy of classifier-based methods. Plus, the generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Jiazheng Li , Hainiu Xu , Zhaoyue Sun , Yuxiang Zhou , David West , Cesare Aloisi , Yulan He

Recent generations of language models have introduced Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) that generate detailed thinking processes before providing answers. While these models demonstrate improved performance on reasoning benchmarks, their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Parshin Shojaee , Iman Mirzadeh , Keivan Alizadeh , Maxwell Horton , Samy Bengio , Mehrdad Farajtabar

Existing long-context benchmarks for Large Language Models (LLMs) focus on evaluating comprehension of long inputs, while overlooking the evaluation of long reasoning abilities. To address this gap, we introduce LongReasonArena, a benchmark…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Jiayu Ding , Shuming Ma , Lei Cui , Nanning Zheng , Furu Wei

Recently developed large language models (LLMs) have been shown to perform remarkably well on a wide range of language understanding tasks. But, can they really "reason" over the natural language? This question has been receiving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Mihir Parmar , Nisarg Patel , Neeraj Varshney , Mutsumi Nakamura , Man Luo , Santosh Mashetty , Arindam Mitra , Chitta Baral

While witnessing the exceptional success of machine learning (ML) technologies in many applications, users are starting to notice a critical shortcoming of ML: correlation is a poor substitute for causation. The conventional way to discover…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Ahmet Kapkiç , Pratanu Mandal , Shu Wan , Paras Sheth , Abhinav Gorantla , Yoonhyuk Choi , Huan Liu , K. Selçuk Candan