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Deep learning has emerged as a transformative methodology in modern cosmology, providing powerful tools to extract meaningful physical information from complex astronomical datasets. This paper implements a novel Bayesian graph deep…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-28 Juan Alejandro Pinto Castro , Héctor J. Hortúa , Jorge Enrique García-Farieta , Roger Anderson Hurtado

One of the key steps in Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) data analysis is component separation to recover the CMB signal from multi-frequency observations contaminated by foreground emissions. Needlet Internal Linear Combination (NILC) is…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-26 Debabrata Adak

The cosmic microwave background (CMB) is a significant source of knowledge about the origin and evolution of our universe. However, observations of the CMB are contaminated by foreground emissions, obscuring the CMB signal and reducing its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-27 Jadie Adams , Steven Lu , Krzysztof M. Gorski , Graca Rocha , Kiri L. Wagstaff

The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) is an abundant source of cosmological information. However, this information is encoded in non-trivial ways in a signal that is difficult to observe. The resulting challenges in extracting this…

Astrophysics · Physics 2014-10-13 Benjamin D. Wandelt

The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) is a fundamental observational tool in modern cosmology. The linear polarization of the CMB provides a crucial observational tool for exploring new physics, including the inflationary paradigm and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-12 Vyoma Muralidhara

Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) has been a cornerstone in many cosmology experiments and studies since it was discovered back in 1964. Traditional computational models like CAMB that are used for generating CMB temperature anisotropy maps…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-12-02 Amit Mishra , Pranath Reddy , Rahul Nigam

The use of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for classification tasks has become dominant in various medical imaging applications. At the same time, recent advances in interpretable machine learning techniques have shown great potential…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-02 Irina Grigorescu , Lucilio Cordero-Grande , A David Edwards , Jo Hajnal , Marc Modat , Maria Deprez

We describe a novel method for the application of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to fields defined on the sphere, using the HEALPix tessellation scheme. Specifically, We have developed a pixel-based approach to implement convolutional…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-21 Nicoletta Krachmalnicoff , Maurizio Tomasi

Forthcoming cosmic microwave background experiments (CMB) will provide precise new tests of structure-formation theories. The geometry of the Universe may be determined robustly, and the classical cosmological parameters, such as the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Marc Kamionkowski

Component separation is the process with which emission sources in astrophysical maps are generally extracted by taking multi-frequency information into account. It is crucial to develop more reliable methods for component separation for…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-10-19 J. M. Casas , L. Bonavera , J. González-Nuevo , C. Baccigalupi , M. M. Cueli , D. Crespo , E. Goitia , J. D. Santos , M. L. Sánchez , F. J. de Cos

The discovery of cosmic microwave background (CMB) was a paradigm shift in the study and fundamental understanding of the early universe and also the Big Bang phenomenon. Cosmic microwave background is one of the richest and intriguing…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-08-11 Amit Mishra , Pranath Reddy , Rahul Nigam

This paper explores a novel application of spherical convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to detect primordial non-Gaussianity in the cosmic microwave background (CMB), a key probe of inflationary dynamics. While effective, traditional…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-28 Jorik Melsen , Thomas Flöss , P. Daniel Meerburg

We examine the degree to which observations of large-scale cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization can shed light on the puzzling large-scale power modulation in maps of CMB anisotropy. We consider a phenomenological model in which…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-11-23 Emory F. Bunn , Qingyang Xue , Haoxuan Zheng

Non-trivial spatial topology of the Universe can imprint potentially observable signatures on the cosmic microwave background (CMB). In this study, we investigate how deviations from the standard nearly-scale-free primordial power spectrum…

Cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) is critical to the understanding of the early universe and precise estimation of cosmological constants. Due to the contamination of thermal dust noise in the galaxy, the CMB map that is an image…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-03 Kai Yi , Yi Guo , Yanan Fan , Jan Hamann , Yu Guang Wang

Reliable extraction of cosmological information from observed cosmic microwave background (CMB) maps may require removal of strongly foreground contaminated regions from the analysis. In this article, we employ an artificial neural network…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-13 Srikanta Pal , Pallav Chanda , Rajib Saha

The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) provides a precious window on fundamental physics at very high energy scales, possibly including quantum gravity, GUTs and supersymmetry. The CMB has already enabled defect-based rivals to inflation to…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-09-11 John Ellis

The aim of this project is to recover the CMB anisotropies maps in temperature and polarized intensity by means of a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) which, after appropiate training, can remove the foregrounds from Planck and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-29 A. Quintana-Estellés , B. Ruiz-Granados , P. Ruiz-Lapuente

Fundamental information about the Universe is encoded in anisotropies of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation. To make full use of this information, an experiment must image the entire sky with the angular resolution,…

Primordial B-mode detection is one of the main goals of current and future cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments. However, the weak B-mode signal is overshadowed by several Galactic polarized emissions, such as thermal dust emission…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-04-18 Ye-Peng Yan , Guo-Jian Wang , Si-Yu Li , Jun-Qing Xia