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Large language models have led to state-of-the-art accuracies across a range of tasks. However, training these models efficiently is challenging for two reasons: a) GPU memory capacity is limited, making it impossible to fit large models on…

Recent work in language modeling demonstrates that training large transformer models advances the state of the art in Natural Language Processing applications. However, very large models can be quite difficult to train due to memory…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-17 Mohammad Shoeybi , Mostofa Patwary , Raul Puri , Patrick LeGresley , Jared Casper , Bryan Catanzaro

Large deep learning models offer significant accuracy gains, but training billions to trillions of parameters is challenging. Existing solutions such as data and model parallelisms exhibit fundamental limitations to fit these models into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-14 Samyam Rajbhandari , Jeff Rasley , Olatunji Ruwase , Yuxiong He

Full batch training of Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) models is not feasible on a single GPU for large graphs containing tens of millions of vertices or more. Recent work has shown that, for the graphs used in the machine learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Muhammed Fatih Balın , Kaan Sancak , Ümit V. Çatalyürek

Huge neural network models have shown unprecedented performance in real-world applications. However, due to memory constraints, model parallelism must be utilized to host large models that would otherwise not fit into the memory of a single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Qifan Xu , Shenggui Li , Chaoyu Gong , Yang You

The growth rate of the GPU memory capacity has not been able to keep up with that of the size of large language models (LLMs), hindering the model training process. In particular, activations -- the intermediate tensors produced during…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Kun Wu , Jeongmin Brian Park , Xiaofan Zhang , Mert Hidayetoğlu , Vikram Sharma Mailthody , Sitao Huang , Steven Sam Lumetta , Wen-mei Hwu

Recent expeditious developments in deep learning algorithms, distributed training, and even hardware design for large models have enabled training extreme-scale models, say GPT-3 and Switch Transformer possessing hundreds of billions or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Junyang Lin , An Yang , Jinze Bai , Chang Zhou , Le Jiang , Xianyan Jia , Ang Wang , Jie Zhang , Yong Li , Wei Lin , Jingren Zhou , Hongxia Yang

Training multi-billion to trillion-parameter language models efficiently on GPU clusters requires leveraging multiple parallelism strategies. We present Galvatron, a novel open-source framework (dubbed 'Optimus-Megatron' in the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Esmail Gumaan

Pretrained general-purpose language models can achieve state-of-the-art accuracies in various natural language processing domains by adapting to downstream tasks via zero-shot, few-shot and fine-tuning techniques. Because of their success,…

We present the design, implementation and engineering experience in building and deploying MegaScale, a production system for training large language models (LLMs) at the scale of more than 10,000 GPUs. Training LLMs at this scale brings…

Transformer models have achieved state-of-the-art performance on various domains of applications and gradually becomes the foundations of the advanced large deep learning (DL) models. However, how to train these models over multiple GPUs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Xupeng Miao , Yujie Wang , Youhe Jiang , Chunan Shi , Xiaonan Nie , Hailin Zhang , Bin Cui

Training Large Language Models(LLMs) is one of the most compute-intensive tasks in high-performance computing. Predicting end-to-end training time for multi-billion parameter models distributed across hundreds of GPUs remains challenging…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Biyao Zhang , Mingkai Zheng , Debargha Ganguly , Xuecen Zhang , Vikash Singh , Vipin Chaudhary , Zhao Zhang

The training process of Deep Neural Network (DNN) is compute-intensive, often taking days to weeks to train a DNN model. Therefore, parallel execution of DNN training on GPUs is a widely adopted approach to speed up the process nowadays.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Chi-Chung Chen , Chia-Lin Yang , Hsiang-Yun Cheng

Memory pressure has emerged as a dominant constraint in scaling the training of large language models (LLMs), particularly in resource-constrained environments. While modern frameworks incorporate various memory-saving techniques, they…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Hanmei Yang , Jin Zhou , Yao Fu , Xiaoqun Wang , Ramine Roane , Hui Guan , Tongping Liu

In the last three years, the largest dense deep learning models have grown over 1000x to reach hundreds of billions of parameters, while the GPU memory has only grown by 5x (16 GB to 80 GB). Therefore, the growth in model scale has been…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-04-19 Samyam Rajbhandari , Olatunji Ruwase , Jeff Rasley , Shaden Smith , Yuxiong He

Training large-scale models relies on a vast number of computing resources. For example, training the GPT-4 model (1.8 trillion parameters) requires 25000 A100 GPUs . It is a challenge to build a large-scale cluster with one type of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Si Xu , Zixiao Huang , Yan Zeng , Shengen Yan , Xuefei Ning , Quanlu Zhang , Haolin Ye , Sipei Gu , Chunsheng Shui , Zhezheng Lin , Hao Zhang , Sheng Wang , Guohao Dai , Yu Wang

Optimizing the performance of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) applications accelerated by graphics processing units (GPUs) is crucial for efficient simulations. In this study, we employed a machine learning-based autotuning technique to…

Performance · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Weicheng Xue , Christohper John Roy

In this talk, we introduce Merlin HugeCTR. Merlin HugeCTR is an open source, GPU-accelerated integration framework for click-through rate estimation. It optimizes both training and inference, whilst enabling model training at scale with…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Joey Wang , Yingcan Wei , Minseok Lee , Matthias Langer , Fan Yu , Jie Liu , Alex Liu , Daniel Abel , Gems Guo , Jianbing Dong , Jerry Shi , Kunlun Li

We propose a generic algorithmic building block to accelerate training of machine learning models on heterogeneous compute systems. Our scheme allows to efficiently employ compute accelerators such as GPUs and FPGAs for the training of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-08 Celestine Dünner , Thomas Parnell , Martin Jaggi

Going deeper and wider in neural architectures improves the accuracy, while the limited GPU DRAM places an undesired restriction on the network design domain. Deep Learning (DL) practitioners either need change to less desired network…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-01-17 Linnan Wang , Jinmian Ye , Yiyang Zhao , Wei Wu , Ang Li , Shuaiwen Leon Song , Zenglin Xu , Tim Kraska
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