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Large language models (LLMs) have recently revolutionized language processing tasks but have also brought ethical and legal issues. LLMs have a tendency to memorize potentially private or copyrighted information present in the training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Tamim Al Mahmud , Najeeb Jebreel , Josep Domingo-Ferrer , David Sanchez

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has revolutionized natural language processing, enabling advanced understanding and reasoning capabilities across a variety of tasks. Fine-tuning these models for specific domains, particularly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Chenlu Ding , Jiancan Wu , Yancheng Yuan , Jinda Lu , Kai Zhang , Alex Su , Xiang Wang , Xiangnan He

Despite significant progress in safety alignment, large language models (LLMs) remain susceptible to jailbreak attacks. Existing defense mechanisms have not fully deleted harmful knowledge in LLMs, which allows such attacks to bypass…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Zesheng Shi , Yucheng Zhou , Jing Li

During pretraining, LLMs inadvertently memorize sensitive or copyrighted data, posing significant compliance challenges under legal frameworks like the GDPR and the EU AI Act. Fulfilling these mandates demands techniques that can remove…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Efstratios Zaradoukas , Bardh Prenkaj , Gjergji Kasneci

While large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities, they increasingly face demands to unlearn memorized privacy-sensitive, copyrighted, or harmful content. Existing unlearning methods primarily focus on \emph{single-shot}…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Xiaoyu Xu , Minxin Du , Kun Fang , Yaxin Xiao , Zhicong Huang , Cheng Hong , Qingqing Ye , Haibo Hu

Machine Unlearning has recently garnered significant attention, aiming to selectively remove knowledge associated with specific data while preserving the model's performance on the remaining data. A fundamental challenge in this process is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Gaurav Patel , Qiang Qiu

As Text-to-Image models continue to evolve, so does the risk of generating unsafe, copyrighted, or privacy-violating content. Existing safety interventions - ranging from training data curation and model fine-tuning to inference-time…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Shristi Das Biswas , Arani Roy , Kaushik Roy

The right to be forgotten mandates that machine learning models enable the erasure of a data owner's data and information from a trained model. Removing data from the dataset alone is inadequate, as machine learning models can memorize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Xiaoyu Xia , Ziqi Wang , Ruoxi Sun , Bowen Liu , Ibrahim Khalil , Minhui Xue

Current LLM unlearning methods face a critical security vulnerability that undermines their fundamental purpose: while they appear to successfully remove sensitive or harmful knowledge, this ``forgotten" information remains precariously…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Wenhan Wu , Zheyuan Liu , Chongyang Gao , Ren Wang , Kaize Ding

Lifelong learning algorithms enable models to incrementally acquire new knowledge without forgetting previously learned information. Contrarily, the field of machine unlearning focuses on explicitly forgetting certain previous knowledge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Ozan Özdenizci , Elmar Rueckert , Robert Legenstein

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have advanced automated multi-step reasoning, but their ability to generate complex Chain-of-Thought (CoT) trajectories introduces severe privacy risks, as sensitive information may be deeply embedded…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Jingjing Zhou , Gaoxiang Cong , Li Su , Liang Li

Large language model unlearning aims to remove harmful information that LLMs have learnt to prevent their use for malicious purposes. LLMU and RMU have been proposed as two methods for LLM unlearning, achieving impressive results on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Jai Doshi , Asa Cooper Stickland

Large language models (LLMs) trained on unfiltered corpora inherently risk retaining sensitive information, necessitating selective knowledge unlearning for regulatory compliance and ethical safety. However, existing parameter-modifying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Zhaokun Wang , Jinyu Guo , Jingwen Pu , Hongli Pu , Meng Yang , Xunlei Chen , Jie Ou , Wenyi Li , Guangchun Luo , Wenhong Tian

Machine unlearning (MU) enables the removal of selected training data from trained models, to address privacy compliance, security, and liability issues in recommender systems. Existing MU benchmarks poorly reflect real-world recommender…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Pierre Lubitzsch , Maarten de Rijke , Sebastian Schelter

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized various domains, yet their utility comes with significant challenges related to outdated or problematic knowledge embedded during pretraining. This paper addresses the challenge of modifying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Akshaj Kumar Veldanda , Shi-Xiong Zhang , Anirban Das , Supriyo Chakraborty , Stephen Rawls , Sambit Sahu , Milind Naphade

Machine unlearning in neural information retrieval (IR) systems requires removing specific data whilst maintaining model performance. Applying existing machine unlearning methods to IR may compromise retrieval effectiveness or inadvertently…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Jingrui Hou , Axel Finke , Georgina Cosma

Recommender systems are important for providing personalized services to users, but the vast amount of collected user data has raised concerns about privacy (e.g., sensitive data), security (e.g., malicious data) and utility (e.g., toxic…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Jiahao Liu , Dongsheng Li , Hansu Gu , Tun Lu , Jiongran Wu , Peng Zhang , Li Shang , Ning Gu

Machine unlearning focuses on efficiently removing specific data from trained models, addressing privacy and compliance concerns with reasonable costs. Although exact unlearning ensures complete data removal equivalent to retraining, it is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Nima Naderloui , Shenao Yan , Binghui Wang , Jie Fu , Wendy Hui Wang , Weiran Liu , Yuan Hong

We address the problem of machine unlearning, where the goal is to remove the influence of specific training data from a model upon request, motivated by privacy concerns and regulatory requirements such as the "right to be forgotten."…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Anastasia Koloskova , Youssef Allouah , Animesh Jha , Rachid Guerraoui , Sanmi Koyejo

The undesired memorization of sensitive information by Large Language Models (LLMs) has emphasized the need for safety mechanisms that can regulate model behavior. This has led to the development of machine unlearning techniques that enable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Anu Agarwal , Mihir Pamnani , Dilek Hakkani-Tur