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Computer-use agents extend language models from text generation to persistent action over tools, files, and execution environments. Unlike chat systems, they maintain state across interactions and translate intermediate outputs into…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Yunhao Feng , Yifan Ding , Yingshui Tan , Xingjun Ma , Yige Li , Yutao Wu , Yifeng Gao , Kun Zhai , Yanming Guo

Coding agents now run autonomously with shell, file, and network privileges. When a user issues a benign request, the agent sometimes does more than asked: it deletes unrelated files, wipes a stale credentials backup, or rewrites…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yubin Qu , Ying Zhang , Yanjun Zhang , Gelei Deng , Yuekang Li , Leo Yu Zhang , Yi Liu

Computer-use agents (CUAs) can now autonomously complete complex tasks in real digital environments, but when misled, they can also be used to automate harmful actions programmatically. Existing safety evaluations largely target explicit…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Xuwei Ding , Skylar Zhai , Linxin Song , Jiate Li , Taiwei Shi , Nicholas Meade , Siva Reddy , Jian Kang , Jieyu Zhao

Coding agents often pass per-prompt safety review yet ship exploitable code when their tasks are decomposed into routine engineering tickets. The challenge is structural: existing safety alignment evaluates overt requests in isolation,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Jonathan Steinberg , Oren Gal

AI-assisted coding tools have altered software production. At Meta, significant lines of code per human-landed diff grew by 105.9% year over year and per-developer diff volume rose 51%, with agentic AI responsible for over 80% of that…

Random rules improve a coding agent's task performance as much as expert-curated ones (both $+13.8$pp on a discriminative subset of SWE-bench Verified), and in our data every individually beneficial rule is a negative constraint ("do not…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Xing Zhang , Guanghui Wang , Yanwei Cui , Wei Qiu , Ziyuan Li , Bing Zhu , Peiyang He

Code-capable large language model (LLM) agents are increasingly embedded into software engineering workflows where they can read, write, and execute code, raising the stakes of safety-bypass ("jailbreak") attacks beyond text-only settings.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Shoumik Saha , Jifan Chen , Sam Mayers , Sanjay Krishna Gouda , Zijian Wang , Varun Kumar

We evaluate the autonomous cyber-attack capabilities of frontier AI models on two purpose-built cyber ranges-a 32-step corporate network attack and a 7-step industrial control system attack-that require chaining heterogeneous capabilities…

As autonomous AI agents are increasingly deployed in high-stakes environments, ensuring their safety and alignment with human values is becoming a practical deployment concern. Current benchmarks for AI agents primarily evaluate refusal of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Miles Q. Li , Benjamin C. M. Fung , Martin Weiss , Pulei Xiong , Khalil Al-Hussaeni , Claude Fachkha

Large language models are increasingly deployed as *deep agents* that plan, maintain persistent state, and invoke external tools, shifting safety failures from unsafe text to unsafe *trajectories*. We introduce **AgentFence**, an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Sai Puppala , Ismail Hossain , Md Jahangir Alam , Yoonpyo Lee , Jay Yoo , Tanzim Ahad , Syed Bahauddin Alam , Sajedul Talukder

AI coding agents powered by large language models can read codebases and produce functional code, but they routinely violate team-specific product decisions that are invisible in the source code alone. We introduce a controlled benchmark…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Drew Dillon , Kasyap Varanasi

Recent auto-research systems can produce complete papers, but feasibility is not the same as quality, and the field still lacks a systematic study of how good agent-generated papers actually are. We introduce ResearchArena, a minimal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Zhengxin Zhang , Ning Wang , Sainyam Galhotra , Claire Cardie

As coding agents gain access to shells, repositories, and user files, least-privilege authorization becomes a prerequisite for safe deployment: an agent should receive enough authority to complete the task, without unnecessary authority…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Zheng Yan , Jingxiang Weng , Charles Chen , Dengyun Peng , Ethan Qin , Jiannan Guan , Jinhao Liu , Qiming Yu , Yixin Yuan , Fanqing Meng , Carl Che , Mengkang Hu

Large language models are increasingly deployed as autonomous agents for multi-step workflows in real-world software environments. However, existing agent benchmarks are limited by trajectory-opaque grading, underspecified safety and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Bowen Ye , Rang Li , Qibin Yang , Yuanxin Liu , Linli Yao , Hanglong Lv , Zhihui Xie , Chenxin An , Lei Li , Lingpeng Kong , Qi Liu , Zhifang Sui , Tong Yang

AI deployment in sensitive domains such as health care, credit, employment, and criminal justice is often treated as unsafe to authorize until model internals can be explained. This often leads to an excessive reliance on mechanistic…

Large language models (LLMs) can autonomously conduct multi-stage cyber attacks, but the consistency of their offensive behavior under repeated trials remains unstudied. This work presents the first large-scale empirical measurement of LLM…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Galip Tolga Erdem

AI coding scaffolds like Claude Code and Codex use retrying: blocking actions flagged as risky and continuing the trajectory. We study retrying from an AI control perspective, which treats the model as potentially adversarial. We find that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 James Lucassen , Adam Kaufman

In this paper, we present a comparative study of five autonomous coding agents using AIDev-pop, which is a public dataset containing thousands of AI-generated pull requests (PRs) across popular open-source repositories. We evaluate agents'…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Shojibur Rahman , Md Fazle Rabbi , Minhaz Zibran

As Large Language Models shift the programming toward human-guided ''vibe coding'', agentic coding tools increasingly rely on models to self-diagnose and repair their own subtle faults -- a capability central to autonomous software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Srijan Bansal , Jiao Fangkai , Yilun Zhou , Austin Xu , Shafiq Joty , Semih Yavuz

Large language models deployed as agents increasingly interact with external systems through tool calls--actions with real-world consequences that text outputs alone do not carry. Safety evaluations, however, overwhelmingly measure…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Arnold Cartagena , Ariane Teixeira
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