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We introduce a generalisation of Sch\"{u}tz and Trimper's elephant random walk to finitely generated groups. We focus on the simplest non-abelian setting, i.e. groups whose Cayley graphs are homogeneous trees of degree $d \ge 3$. We show…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-04-15 Soumendu Sundar Mukherjee

The elephant random walk (ERW) is a microscopic, one-dimensional, discrete-time, non-Markovian random walk, which can lead to anomalous diffusion due to memory effects. In this study, I propose a multi-dimensional generalization in which…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-12-02 Vitor M. Marquioni

We consider a generalization of the so-called elephant random walk by introducing multiple elephants moving along the integer line, $\mathbb{Z}$. When taking a new step, each elephant considers not only its own previous steps but also the…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-10-31 Deborshi Das

This paper investigates whether two independent Elephant Random Walks (ERWs) on $\mathbb{Z}$, each with a different memory parameter, can meet infinitely often, extending the work of Roy, Takei, and Tanemura. We also study the asymptotic…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-06-23 Shuhei Shibata , Tomoyuki Shirai

The purpose of this paper is to establish, via a martingale approach, some refinements on the asymptotic behavior of the one-dimensional elephant random walk (ERW). The asymptotic behavior of the ERW mainly depends on a memory parameter $p$…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-01-17 Bernard Bercu

The Elephant Random Walk (ERW), first introduced by Sch\"utz and Trimper (2004), is a one-dimensional simple random walk on $ \mathbb{Z} $ having a memory about the whole past. We study the Shark Random Swim, a random walk whose steps are $…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-10-10 Silvia Businger

In the simple random walk the steps are independent, viz., the walker has no memory. In contrast, in the Elephant random walk(ERW), which was introduced by Schuetz and Trimper in 2004, the next step always depends on the whole path so far.…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-10-27 Allan Gut , Ulrich Stadtmüller

When the memory parameter of the elephant random walk is above a critical threshold, the process becomes superdiffusive and, once suitably normalised, converges to a non-Gaussian random variable. In a recent paper by the three first…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-09-12 Hélène Guérin , Lucile Laulin , Kilian Raschel , Thomas Simon

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the asymptotic behavior of the multi-dimensional elephant random walk (MERW). It is a non-Markovian random walk which has a complete memory of its entire history. A wide range of literature is…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-09-22 Bernard Bercu , Lucile Laulin

We explore the impact of long-range memory on the properties of a family of quantum walks in a one-dimensional lattice and discrete time, which can be understood as the quantum version of the classical "Elephant Random Walk" non-Markovian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-20 Giuseppe Di Molfetta , Diogo O. Soares-Pinto , Silvio M. Duarte Queiros

In this paper, we introduce the elephant random walk (ERW) with memory consisting of randomly selected steps from its history. It is a time-changed variant of the standard elephant random walk with memory consisting of its full history. At…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-01-23 M. Dhillon , K. K. Kataria

We consider a non-Markovian discrete-time random walk on $\mathbb{Z}$ with unbounded memory called the elephant random walk (ERW). We prove a strong invariance principle for the ERW. More specifically, we prove that, under a suitable…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-12-18 Cristian F. Coletti , Renato Gava , Gunter M. Schütz

Elephant random walk is a special type of random walk that incorporates the memory of the past to determine its future steps. The probability of this walk taking a particular step (+1 or -1) at a time point, conditioned on the entire…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-05-19 Krishanu Maulik , Parthanil Roy , Tamojit Sadhukhan

We study how memory impacts passages at the origin for a so-called elephant random walk in the diffusive regime. We observe that the number of zeros always grows asymptotically like the square root of the time, despite the fact that,…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-01-07 Jean Bertoin

In the present paper, we introduce and analyze elephant random walks (ERWs) on bipartite periodic lattices arising as coverings of dipole graphs. We focus on lattices whose admissible step directions in the two parts of the bipartition are…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-03-30 Nobuaki Naganuma , Kaito Yura

One class of random walks with infinite memory, so called elephant random walks, are simple models describing anomalous diffusion. We present a surprising connection between these models and bond percolation on random recursive trees. We…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-03-23 Rüdiger Kürsten

In the simple random walk the steps are independent, viz., the walker has no memory. In contrast, in the Elephant Random walk (ERW), which was introduced by Sch\"utz and Trimper in 2004, the walker remembers the whole past, and the next…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-08-01 Allan Gut , Ulrich Stadtmüller

Elephant random walk, introduced to study the effect of memory on random walks, is a novel type of walk that incorporates the information of one randomly chosen past step to determine the future step. However, memory of a process can be…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-09-15 Krishanu Maulik , Parthanil Roy , Tamojit Sadhukhan

Random walks on the circle group $\mathbb{R}/\mathbb{Z}$ whose elementary steps are lattice variables with span $\alpha \not\in \mathbb{Q}$ or $p/q \in \mathbb{Q}$ taken mod $\mathbb{Z}$ exhibit delicate behavior. In the rational case we…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-02-20 Istvan Berkes , Bence Borda

Our goal is to investigate the asymptotic behavior of the center of mass of the elephant random walk, which is a discrete-time random walk on integers with a complete memory of its whole history. In the diffusive and critical regimes, we…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-04-10 Bernard Bercu , Lucile Laulin
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