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Related papers: A Validated Taxonomy on Software Energy Smells

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Code smells signal violations of design principles that degrade the internal quality of evolving software systems. Although many tools detect such anomalies using static metrics, they often ignore the development context in which smells…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Matheus dos Santos Viegas , Adrian Gabriel Keller dos Santos , Kleinner Farias , Robson Keemps da Silva

Large language models trained on source code can support a variety of software development tasks, such as code recommendation and program repair. Large amounts of data for training such models benefit the models' performance. However, the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Max Hort , Anastasiia Grishina , Leon Moonen

Context. The rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) has led to their widespread adoption in development pipelines. Goal. We empirically assess the energy efficiency of Python code generated by LLMs against human-written code and code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Radu Apsan , Vincenzo Stoico , Michel Albonico , Rudra Dhar , Karthik Vaidhyanathan , Ivano Malavolta

The identification of code smells is largely recognized as a subjective task. Consequently, the automated detection tools available are insufficient to deal with the whole subjectivity involved in the task, requiring human validation.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-10-07 Luiz Felipi Junionello , Rafael de Mello

Understanding a program's runtime reasoning behavior, meaning how intermediate states and control flows lead to final execution results, is essential for reliable code generation, debugging, and automated reasoning. Although large language…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Mohammad Abdollahi , Khandaker Rifah Tasnia , Soumit Kanti Saha , Jinqiu Yang , Song Wang , Hadi Hemmati

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in code generation, largely driven by the availability of high-quality code datasets for effective training. To further improve data quality, numerous training data optimization…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Shiqi Kuang , Zhao Tian , Tao Xiao , Dong Wang , Junjie Chen

Software Quality is a major concern in software engineering development in order to be competitive. Such a quality can be achieved by a possible technique called Refactoring where the systems external behavior of the system is not changed.…

Refactoring is the de-facto practice to optimize software health. While several studies propose refactoring strategies to optimize software design through applying design patterns and removing design defects, little is known about how…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Eman Abdullah AlOmar , Tianjia Wang , Vaibhavi Raut , Mohamed Wiem Mkaouer , Christian Newman , Ali Ouni

Context. Nowadays, 83% of software developers use Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate code. LLMs recently became essential to increase the productivity of software developers and decrease the time and cost of software development.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Vlad-Andrei Cursaru , Laura Duits , Joel Milligan , Damla Ural , Berta Rodriguez Sanchez , Vincenzo Stoico , Ivano Malavolta

Code smells indicate the potential problems of software quality so that developers can identify refactoring opportunities by detecting code smells. State-of-the-art approaches leverage heuristics, machine learning, and deep learning to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Haiyang Liu , Yang Zhang , Vidya Saikrishna , Quanquan Tian , Kun Zheng

The increasing electricity demands of personal computers, communication networks, and data centers contribute to higher atmospheric greenhouse gas emissions, which in turn lead to global warming and climate change. Therefore the energy…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Tom Cappendijk , Pepijn de Reus , Ana Oprescu

While a substantial body of prior research has investigated the form and nature of production code, comparatively little attention has examined characteristics of test code, and, in particular, test smells in that code. In this paper, we…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Amjed Tahir , Steve Counsell , Stephen G. MacDonell

Computing systems are consuming an increasing and unsustainable fraction of society's energy footprint, notably in data centers. Meanwhile, energy-efficient software engineering techniques are often absent from undergraduate curricula. We…

Green software engineering is emerging as a crucial response to information technology's rising energy impact, especially in continuous development. However, there remain challenges in devising automated methods for identifying energy…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-22 François Bechet , Jérôme Maquoi , Luís Cruz , Benoît Vanderose , Xavier Devroey

Code smells are widely used indicators of poor code quality, revealing structural problems and areas where improvement can be made. Although extensively studied in object-oriented languages, functional programming languages remain…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Walber Araújo , José Truta , Lucas Vegi , Marco Tulio Valente , João Brunet

The proliferation of software and AI comes with a hidden risk: its growing energy and carbon footprint. As concerns regarding environmental sustainability come to the forefront, understanding and optimizing how software impacts the…

In this study, we explore advanced strategies for enhancing software quality by detecting and refactoring data clumps, special types of code smells. Our approach transcends the capabilities of integrated development environments, utilizing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Nils Baumgartner , Elke Pulvermüller

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown significant potential in automating software engineering tasks, particularly in code generation. However, current evaluation benchmarks, which primarily focus on accuracy, fall short in assessing the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Alejandro Velasco , Daniel Rodriguez-Cardenas , Luftar Rahman Alif , David N. Palacio , Denys Poshyvanyk

Context : Software comprehension and maintenance activities, such as refactoring, are said to be negatively impacted by software complexity. The methods used to measure software product and processes complexity have been thoroughly debated…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-07 João Caldeira , Fernando Brito e Abreu , Jorge Cardoso , José Reis

With the ever-increasing use of games, game developers are expected to write efficient code supporting several qualities such as security, maintainability, and performance. However, the continuous need to update the features of games in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-05-05 Vartika Agrahari , Sridhar Chimalakonda