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Large language models (LLMs) have generated significant attention since their inception, finding applications across various academic and industrial domains. However, these models often suffer from the "hallucination problem", where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Zikai Xie

Driven by the rapid advancements of Large Language Models (LLMs), LLM-based agents have emerged as powerful intelligent systems capable of human-like cognition, reasoning, and interaction. These agents are increasingly being deployed across…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities, revolutionizing the integration of AI in daily life applications. However, they are prone to hallucinations, generating claims that contradict established facts,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-14 A B M Ashikur Rahman , Saeed Anwar , Muhammad Usman , Ajmal Mian

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful foundational models to solve a variety of tasks, they have also been shown to be prone to hallucinations, i.e., generating responses that sound confident but are actually incorrect…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Jiawei Li , Akshayaa Magesh , Venugopal V. Veeravalli

Hallucinations pose critical risks for large language model (LLM)-based agents, often manifesting as hallucinative actions resulting from fabricated or misinterpreted information within the cognitive context. While recent studies have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Weichen Zhang , Yiyou Sun , Pohao Huang , Jiayue Pu , Heyue Lin , Dawn Song

The hallucination issue is recognized as a fundamental deficiency of large language models (LLMs), especially when applied to fields such as finance, education, and law. Despite the growing concerns, there has been a lack of empirical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Haoqiang Kang , Xiao-Yang Liu

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive performance across a wide range of natural language processing tasks, yet they often produce hallucinated content that undermines factual reliability. To address this challenge, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Yaxin Zhao , Yu Zhang

Hallucinations in large language models (LLMs) are outputs that are syntactically coherent but factually incorrect or contextually inconsistent. They are persistent obstacles in high-stakes industrial settings such as engineering design,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Brian Freeman , Adam Kicklighter , Matt Erdman , Zach Gordon

Benchmarks underpin how progress in large language models (LLMs) is measured and trusted. Yet our analyses reveal that apparent convergence in benchmark accuracy can conceal deep epistemic divergence. Using two major reasoning benchmarks -…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Eddie Yang , Dashun Wang

The remarkable performance of large language models (LLMs) in content generation, coding, and common-sense reasoning has spurred widespread integration into many facets of society. However, integration of LLMs raises valid questions on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Ola Shorinwa , Zhiting Mei , Justin Lidard , Allen Z. Ren , Anirudha Majumdar

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have become incredibly popular, with ChatGPT for example being used by over a billion users. While these models exhibit remarkable language understanding and logical prowess, a notable challenge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Elijah Berberette , Jack Hutchins , Amir Sadovnik

Large Language Models often generate factually incorrect but plausible outputs, known as hallucinations. We identify a more insidious phenomenon, LLM delusion, defined as high belief hallucinations, incorrect outputs with abnormally high…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Hongshen Xu , Zixv yang , Zichen Zhu , Kunyao Lan , Zihan Wang , Mengyue Wu , Ziwei Ji , Lu Chen , Pascale Fung , Kai Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) frequently exhibit hallucinations, generating content that appears fluent and coherent but is factually incorrect. Such errors undermine trust and hinder their adoption in real-world applications. To address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Weihang Su , Jianming Long , Changyue Wang , Shiyu Lin , Jingyan Xu , Ziyi Ye , Qingyao Ai , Yiqun Liu

Large language models (LLMs) hallucinate with confidence: their outputs can be fluent, authoritative, and simply wrong. In medical, legal, and scientific applications this failure causes direct harm, and detecting it from internal model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Khizar Hussain , Murat Kantarcioglu

The emergence of large language models (LLMs) has marked a significant breakthrough in natural language processing (NLP), fueling a paradigm shift in information acquisition. Nevertheless, LLMs are prone to hallucination, generating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Lei Huang , Weijiang Yu , Weitao Ma , Weihong Zhong , Zhangyin Feng , Haotian Wang , Qianglong Chen , Weihua Peng , Xiaocheng Feng , Bing Qin , Ting Liu

Large language models (LLMs) often exhibit undesirable behaviors, such as hallucinations and sequence repetitions. We propose to view these behaviors as fallbacks that models exhibit under epistemic uncertainty, and investigate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Maor Ivgi , Ori Yoran , Jonathan Berant , Mor Geva

Although demonstrating superb performance on various NLP tasks, large language models (LLMs) still suffer from the hallucination problem, which threatens the reliability of LLMs. To measure the level of hallucination of LLMs, previous works…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Li Du , Yequan Wang , Xingrun Xing , Yiqun Ya , Xiang Li , Xin Jiang , Xuezhi Fang

Plausible, but inaccurate, tokens in model-generated text are widely believed to be pervasive and problematic for the responsible adoption of language models. Despite this concern, there is little scientific work that attempts to measure…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Justin D. Norman , Michael U. Rivera , D. Alex Hughes

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as autonomous agents that reason, use tools, and act over multiple steps. Yet most hallucination benchmarks still evaluate only the final output, missing failures that originate in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Harshada Badave , Santosh Borse , Andrea Gomez , Harshitha Narahari , Sara Carter , Vishwa Bhatt , Aishani Rachakonda , Shuxin Lin , Dhaval Patel

The detection of sophisticated hallucinations in Large Language Models (LLMs) is hampered by a ``Detection Dilemma'': methods probing internal states (Internal State Probing) excel at identifying factual inconsistencies but fail on logical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Yusheng Song , Lirong Qiu , Xi Zhang , Zhihao Tang