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Many relevant problems in industrial settings result in NP-hard optimization problems, such as the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) or its reduced variant, the Travelling Salesperson Problem (TSP). Even with today's most powerful…

Vehicle routing problem (VRP) is an NP-hard optimization problem that has been an interest of research for decades in science and industry. The objective is to plan routes of vehicles to deliver a fixed number of customers with optimal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-14 Nishikanta Mohanty , Bikash K. Behera

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a leading framework for quantum combinatorial optimization. The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP), a core problem in logistics and transportation, is a natural application target, but it…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Yuan-Zheng Lei , Yaobang Gong , Xianfeng Terry Yang , Nii Attoh-Okine

The vehicle routing problem (VRP) is an NP-hard optimization problem that has been an interest of research for decades in science and industry. The objective is to plan routes of vehicles to deliver goods to a fixed number of customers with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-08 Nishikanta Mohanty , Bikash K. Behera , Christopher Ferrie

We present a two-level decomposition strategy for solving the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) using the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm. A Problem-Level Decomposition partitions a 13-node (156-qubit) VRP into smaller Traveling…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-09 Andrew Maciejunes , John Stenger , Dan Gunlycke , Nikos Chrisochoides

The aircraft loading optimization problem is a computationally hard problem with the best known classical algorithm scaling exponentially with the number of objects. We propose a quantum approach based on a multi-angle variant of the QAOA…

A challenge for scalability of demand-responsive, elastic optical Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) and Flexgrid networks is the computational complexity of allocating many optical routes on large networks. We demonstrate that…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Ethan Davies , Darren Banfield , Vlad Carare , Ben Weaver , Catherine White , Nigel Walker

This paper studies quantum optimization baselines for the Generalized Traveling Salesman Problem (GTSP), a clustered routing problem that naturally models variant selection and sequencing problems under discrete alternatives. We propose a…

Quantum computing is a promising technology to address combinatorial optimization problems, for example via the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA). Its potential, however, hinges on scaling toy problems to sizes relevant for…

A frequent starting point of quantum computation platforms are two-state quantum systems, i.e., qubits. However, in the context of integer optimization problems, relevant to scheduling optimization and operations research, it is often more…

The Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) is an NP-optimization problem (NPO) that has been of great interest for decades for both, science and industry. The CVRP is a variant of the vehicle routing problem characterized by capacity…

Quantum-inspired optimization (QIO) algorithms are computational techniques that emulate certain quantum mechanical effects on a classical hardware to tackle a class of optimization tasks. QIO methods have so far been employed to solve…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-07 Rathi Munukur , Bhaskar Roy Bardhan , Devesh Upadhyay , Joydip Ghosh

Current quantum computing devices have different strengths and weaknesses depending on their architectures. This means that flexible approaches to circuit design are necessary. We address this task by introducing a novel space-efficient…

Optimizing routing in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is pivotal for minimizing energy consumption and extending network lifetime. This paper introduces a resourceefficient compilation method for distributed quantum circuits tailored to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-20 Kuan-Cheng Chen , Felix Burt , Shang Yu , Chen-Yu Liu , Min-Hsiu Hsieh , Kin K. Leung

Quantum computers promise to outperform their classical counterparts at certain tasks. However, existing quantum devices are error-prone and restricted in size. Thus, effective compilation methods are crucial to exploit limited quantum…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-17 Moritz Stargalla , Friedrich Wagner

Routing in wireless communication networks is shaped by mobility, interference, congestion, and competing service requirements, making route selection a high-dimensional constrained optimization problem rather than a simple shortest-path…

Transportation systems such as urban logistics, vehicle routing, and infrastructure planning require solving large-scale combinatorial optimization problems under complex constraints. Problems such as the vehicle routing problem (VRP),…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-30 Talha Azfar , Ruimin Ke , Sean He , Cara Wang , José Holguín-Veras

Here, we study the capacity of a quantum channel, assuming linear optical encoding, as a function of available photons and optical modes. First, we observe that substantial improvement is made possible by not restricting ourselves to a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-08-12 Jake A. Smith , Dmitry B. Uskov , Lev Kaplan

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) and its derived variants are widely in use for approximating combinatorial optimization problem instances on gate-based Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) computers. Commonly,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-11 Simon Garhofer , Oliver Bringmann

Partitioning transportation networks into balanced and spatially coherent traffic zones is a fundamental yet computationally challenging task in intelligent transportation systems. The resulting optimization problem exhibits dense…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Ruimin Ke , Talha Azfar , Kaicong Huang , Shuyang Li