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The increasing use of generative AI for resume screening is predicated on the assumption that it offers an unbiased alternative to biased human decision-making. However, this belief fails to address a critical question: are these AI systems…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Kevin T Webster

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) represent a breakthrough in AI problem-solving capabilities, but their effectiveness in interactive environments can be limited. This paper introduces and analyzes overthinking in LRMs. A phenomenon where…

Standard benchmarks fixate on how well large language model (LLM) agents perform in finance, yet say little about whether they are safe to deploy. We argue that accuracy metrics and return-based scores provide an illusion of reliability,…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-06-03 Zichen Chen , Jiaao Chen , Jianda Chen , Misha Sra

Artificial intelligence (AI) represents a qualitative shift in technological change by extending cognitive labor itself rather than merely automating routine tasks. Recent evidence shows that generative AI disproportionately affects highly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Alok Khatri , Bishesh Khanal

Despite the transformative impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) across various sectors, cyber security continues to rely on traditional static and dynamic analysis tools, hampered by high false positive rates and superficial code…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Rajesh Yarra

Evaluating the performance of an ongoing policy plays a vital role in many areas such as medicine and economics, to provide crucial instructions on the early-stop of the online experiment and timely feedback from the environment. Policy…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-08-05 Ye Shen , Hengrui Cai , Rui Song

Large Language Models (LLMs) can produce surprisingly sophisticated estimates of their own uncertainty. However, it remains unclear to what extent this expressed confidence is tied to the reasoning, knowledge, or decision making of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Jiawei Wang , Yanfei Zhou , Siddartha Devic , Deqing Fu

While most AI alignment research focuses on preventing models from generating explicitly harmful content, a more subtle risk is emerging: capability-oriented training induced exploitation. We investigate whether language models, when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Yujun Zhou , Yue Huang , Han Bao , Kehan Guo , Zhenwen Liang , Pin-Yu Chen , Tian Gao , Werner Geyer , Nuno Moniz , Nitesh V Chawla , Xiangliang Zhang

When AI systems make errors in high-stakes domains like medical diagnosis or autonomous vehicles, a single algorithmic flaw across varying operational contexts can generate highly heterogeneous losses that challenge traditional insurance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Dimitris Bertsimas , Agni Orfanoudaki

Work is fundamental to societal prosperity and mental health, providing financial security, identity, purpose, and social integration. The emergence of generative artificial intelligence (AI) has catalysed debate on job displacement. Some…

This paper conceptualizes Large Language Models (LLMs) as a form of mixed public goods within digital infrastructure, analyzing their economic properties through a comprehensive theoretical framework. We develop mathematical models to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Yukun Zhang , TianYang Zhang

This paper develops a new framework to analyze the incidence of labor market shocks, focusing on automation and artificial intelligence. Central to our theory is the distance-dependent elasticity of substitution (DIDES), where worker…

General Economics · Economics 2025-11-04 Tianyu Fan

Artificial intelligence's (AI) progress holds great promise in tackling pressing societal concerns such as health and climate. Large Language Models (LLM) and the derived chatbots, like ChatGPT, have highly improved the natural language…

The improvement of economic policymaking presents an opportunity for broad societal benefit, a notion that has inspired research towards AI-driven policymaking tools. AI policymaking holds the potential to surpass human performance through…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Henry Gasztowtt , Benjamin Smith , Vincent Zhu , Qinxun Bai , Edwin Zhang

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) like Large Language Model (LLM) is increasingly integrated into digital platforms to enhance information access, deliver personalized experiences, and improve matching efficiency. However, these…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Lei Chen , Chaoyue Gao , Alvin Leung , Xiaoning Wang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to help security analysts manage the surge of cyber threats, automating tasks from vulnerability assessment to incident response. Yet in operational CTI workflows, reliability gaps remain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yuqiao Meng , Luoxi Tang , Feiyang Yu , Jinyuan Jia , Guanhua Yan , Ping Yang , Zhaohan Xi

Our research investigates the potential of Large-scale Language Models (LLMs), specifically OpenAI's GPT, in credit risk assessment-a binary classification task. Our findings suggest that LLMs, when directed by judiciously designed prompts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Yashar Deldjoo

In recent years, generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) systems have assumed increasingly crucial roles in selection processes, personnel recruitment and analysis of candidates' profiles. However, the employment of large language models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Martina Ullasci , Marco Rondina , Riccardo Coppola , Antonio Vetrò

Responsible AI demands systems whose behavioral tendencies can be effectively measured, audited, and adjusted to prevent inadvertently nudging users toward risky decisions or embedding hidden biases in risk aversion. As language models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Ali Mazyaki , Mohammad Naghizadeh , Samaneh Ranjkhah Zonouzaghi , Amirhossein Farshi Sotoudeh

The proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) has intensified concerns about manipulative or deceptive behaviors that can undermine user autonomy, trust, and well-being. Existing safety benchmarks predominantly rely on coarse binary…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Sadia Asif , Israel Antonio Rosales Laguan , Haris Khan , Shumaila Asif , Muneeb Asif