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We investigate the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) adoption on skill requirements using 14 million online job vacancies from Chinese listed firms (2018-2022). Employing a novel Extreme Multi-Label Classification (XMLC) algorithm…

General Economics · Economics 2026-01-08 Hangyu Chen , Yongming Sun , Yiming Yuan

Generative AI compresses within-task skill differences while shifting economic value toward concentrated complementary assets, creating an apparent paradox: the technology that equalizes individual performance may widen aggregate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Xupeng Chen , Shuchen Meng

This position paper argues that job exposure to AI should be measured with grounded, evidence-based methods, not inferred from LLM priors alone. Current theoretical exposure measures use zero-shot prompting to classify task-level AI…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Luca Mouchel , Pierre Bouquet , Yossi Sheffi

We formalize a macro-financial stress test for rapid AI adoption. Rather than a productivity bust or existential risk, we identify a distribution-and-contract mismatch: AI-generated abundance coexists with demand deficiency because economic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Xupeng Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit surprisingly diverse risk preferences when acting as AI decision makers, a crucial characteristic whose origins remain poorly understood despite their expanding economic roles. We analyze 50 LLMs using…

General Economics · Economics 2025-06-11 Shumiao Ouyang , Hayong Yun , Xingjian Zheng

Real-effort tasks, in which participants perform cognitively costly activities whose outcomes depend on actual performance, are widely used in experimental economics. Their validity, however, rests on the assumption that a human performs…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Federico Belotti , Stefano Coniglio , Antonio Cosma , Francesco Fallucchi

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into the workplace is advancing rapidly, necessitating robust metrics to evaluate its tangible impact on the labour market. Existing measures of AI occupational exposure largely focus on AI's…

The rise of Generative AI, and Large Language Models (LLMs) in particular, is fundamentally changing cognitive processes in knowledge work, raising critical questions about their impact on human reasoning and problem-solving capabilities.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Joshua Holstein , Moritz Diener , Philipp Spitzer

Artificial Intelligence is reshaping America's \$9.4 trillion labor market, with cascading effects that extend far beyond visible technology sectors. When AI transforms quality control tasks in automotive plants, consequences spread through…

As artificial intelligence (AI) tools become widely adopted, large language models (LLMs) are increasingly involved on both sides of decision-making processes, ranging from hiring to content moderation. This dual adoption raises a critical…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Jiannan Xu , Gujie Li , Jane Yi Jiang

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate complex responses to threat-based manipulations, revealing both vulnerabilities and unexpected performance enhancement opportunities. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of 3,390…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Atil Samancioglu

Although general-purpose AI systems offer transformational opportunities in science and industry, they simultaneously raise critical concerns about safety, misuse, and potential loss of control. Despite these risks, methods for assessing…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Malcolm Murray , Steve Barrett , Henry Papadatos , Otter Quarks , Matt Smith , Alejandro Tlaie Boria , Chloé Touzet , Siméon Campos

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) represents a fundamental shock to the economics of information production. By asymmetrically collapsing the marginal cost of generating low-quality, synthetic content while leaving high-quality…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Yukun Zhang , Tianyang Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly employed in software engineering tasks such as requirements elicitation, design, and evaluation, raising critical questions regarding their alignment with human judgments on responsible AI…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Asma Yamani , Malak Baslyman , Moataz Ahmed

The proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) and Intelligent Virtual Agents acting as psychotherapists presents significant opportunities for expanding mental healthcare access. However, their deployment has also been linked to serious…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Ian Steenstra , Timothy W. Bickmore

Large Language Model (LLM)-based generative AI systems, such as ChatGPT, demonstrate zero-shot learning capabilities across a wide range of downstream tasks. Owing to their general-purpose nature and potential to augment or even automate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Jin Liu , Xingchen Xu , Xi Nan , Yongjun Li , Yong Tan

This study investigates the near-future impacts of generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies on occupational competencies across the U.S. federal workforce. We develop a multi-stage Retrieval-Augmented Generation system to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-04 William G. Resh , Yi Ming , Xinyao Xia , Michael Overton , Gul Nisa Gürbüz , Brandon De Bruhl

As artificial intelligence (AI) systems become ubiquitous in professional contexts, there is an urgent need to equip workers, often with backgrounds outside of STEM, with the skills to use these tools effectively as well as responsibly,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Christopher Bogart , Aparna Warrier , Arav Agarwal , Ross Higashi , Yufan Zhang , Jesse Flot , Jaromir Savelka , Heather Burte , Majd Sakr

Construction remains one of the most hazardous sectors. Recent advancements in AI, particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), offer promising opportunities for enhancing workplace safety. However, responsible integration of LLMs requires…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Farouq Sammour , Jia Xu , Xi Wang , Mo Hu , Zhenyu Zhang

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has generated considerable speculation regarding their transformative potential for labor markets. However, existing approaches to measuring AI exposure in the workforce predominantly…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Shurui Cao , Wenyue Hua , William Yang Wang , Hong Shen , Fei Fang