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Evaluating the nuanced human-centric video understanding capabilities of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) remains a great challenge, as existing benchmarks often overlook the intricacies of emotion, behavior, and cross-modal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Ting Zhou , Daoyuan Chen , Qirui Jiao , Bolin Ding , Yaliang Li , Ying Shen

Existing benchmarks for evaluating long video understanding falls short on two critical aspects, either lacking in scale or quality of annotations. These limitations arise from the difficulty in collecting dense annotations for long videos,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Aniket Agarwal , Alex Zhang , Karthik Narasimhan , Igor Gilitschenski , Vishvak Murahari , Yash Kant

Video-based large language models (Video-LLMs) have been recently introduced, targeting both fundamental improvements in perception and comprehension, and a diverse range of user inquiries. In pursuit of the ultimate goal of achieving…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Munan Ning , Bin Zhu , Yujia Xie , Bin Lin , Jiaxi Cui , Lu Yuan , Dongdong Chen , Li Yuan

With the rapid development of Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs), a number of diagnostic benchmarks have recently emerged to evaluate the comprehension capabilities of these models. However, most benchmarks predominantly assess…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Kunchang Li , Yali Wang , Yinan He , Yizhuo Li , Yi Wang , Yi Liu , Zun Wang , Jilan Xu , Guo Chen , Ping Luo , Limin Wang , Yu Qiao

When applied to question answering and other text generation tasks, language models (LMs) may be queried generatively (by sampling answers from their output distribution) or discriminatively (by using them to score or rank a set of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Athul Paul Jacob , Yikang Shen , Gabriele Farina , Jacob Andreas

Large Language Models (LLMs) continue to advance natural language processing with their ability to generate human-like text across a range of tasks. Despite the remarkable success of LLMs in Natural Language Processing (NLP), their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Walid Mohamed Aly , Taysir Hassan A. Soliman , Amr Mohamed AbdelAziz

Text-to-video (T2V) models have shown remarkable performance in generating visually reasonable scenes, while their capability to leverage world knowledge for ensuring semantic consistency and factual accuracy remains largely understudied.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Yubin Chen , Xuyang Guo , Zhenmei Shi , Zhao Song , Jiahao Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable proficiency in generating highly structured texts. However, while exhibiting a high degree of structural organization, movie scripts demand an additional layer of nuanced…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Mingzhe Zheng , Dingjie Song , Guanyu Zhou , Jun You , Jiahao Zhan , Xuran Ma , Xinyuan Song , Ser-Nam Lim , Qifeng Chen , Harry Yang

Extracting structured information from visual documents (Visual Information Extraction, VIE) is a cornerstone of business automation. While recent Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown promising capabilities, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Yandi Wang , Libin Zhan , Ziwei Huang , Tiancheng Luo , Yuxuan Jiang , Wang Dong , Leilei Gan , Jun Chen

The growing interest in embodied agents increases the demand for spatiotemporal video understanding, yet existing benchmarks largely emphasize extractive reasoning, where answers can be explicitly presented within spatiotemporal events. It…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Seunghwan Bang , Hwanjun Song

Long video summarization presents significant challenges for current multimodal large language models (MLLMs), particularly in maintaining temporal fidelity over extended durations and producing summaries that are both semantically and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Alkesh Patel , Melis Ozyildirim , Ying-Chang Cheng , Ganesh Nagarajan

Large Language Models tend to struggle when dealing with specialized domains. While all aspects of evaluation hold importance, factuality is the most critical one. Similarly, reliable fact-checking tools and data sources are essential for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Anum Afzal , Juraj Vladika , Florian Matthes

In-context learning (ICL) has emerged as an effective solution for few-shot learning with large language models (LLMs). However, how LLMs leverage demonstrations to specify a task and learn a corresponding computational function through ICL…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Yu Bai , Heyan Huang , Cesare Spinoso-Di Piano , Marc-Antoine Rondeau , Sanxing Chen , Yang Gao , Jackie Chi Kit Cheung

The advent of large language models (LLMs) and their adoption by the legal community has given rise to the question: what types of legal reasoning can LLMs perform? To enable greater study of this question, we present LegalBench: a…

The rapid evolution of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has brought substantial advancements in artificial intelligence, significantly enhancing the capability to understand and generate multimodal content. While prior studies have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Lin Li , Guikun Chen , Hanrong Shi , Jun Xiao , Long Chen

While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) show promising performance in automated electrocardiogram interpretation, it remains unclear whether they genuinely perform actual step-by-step reasoning or just rely on superficial visual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Jungwoo Oh , Hyunseung Chung , Junhee Lee , Min-Gyu Kim , Hangyul Yoon , Ki Seong Lee , Youngchae Lee , Muhan Yeo , Edward Choi

MLLMs (Multimodal Large Language Models) have showcased remarkable capabilities, but their performance in high-stakes, domain-specific scenarios like surgical settings, remains largely under-explored. To address this gap, we develop…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Gui Wang , Yang Wennuo , Xusen Ma , Zehao Zhong , Zhuoru Wu , Ende Wu , Rong Qu , Wooi Ping Cheah , Jianfeng Ren , Linlin Shen

Large reasoning models (LRMs) produce complex, multi-step reasoning traces, yet safety evaluation remains focused on final outputs, overlooking how harm emerges during reasoning. When jailbroken, harm does not appear instantaneously but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Ishita Kakkar , Enze Zhang , Rheeya Uppaal , Junjie Hu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated notable capabilities across various tasks, showcasing complex problem-solving abilities. Understanding and executing complex rules, along with multi-step planning, are fundamental to logical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Jiayi Gui , Yiming Liu , Jiale Cheng , Xiaotao Gu , Xiao Liu , Hongning Wang , Yuxiao Dong , Jie Tang , Minlie Huang

Large language models have demonstrated remarkable few-shot performance on many natural language understanding tasks. Despite several demonstrations of using large language models in complex, strategic scenarios, there lacks a comprehensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Anthony Costarelli , Mat Allen , Roman Hauksson , Grace Sodunke , Suhas Hariharan , Carlson Cheng , Wenjie Li , Joshua Clymer , Arjun Yadav