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Teachers' growth mindset supportive language (GMSL)--rhetoric emphasizing that one's skills can be improved over time--has been shown to significantly reduce disparities in academic achievement and enhance students' learning outcomes.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Kunal Handa , Margaret Clapper , Jessica Boyle , Rose E Wang , Diyi Yang , David S Yeager , Dorottya Demszky

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to generate feedback, yet their impact on learning remains underexplored, especially compared to existing feedback methods. This study investigates how on-demand LLM-generated explanatory…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Danielle R. Thomas , Conrad Borchers , Shambhavi Bhushan , Erin Gatz , Shivang Gupta , Kenneth R. Koedinger

K-12 educators are increasingly using Large Language Models (LLMs) to create instructional materials. These systems excel at producing fluent, coherent content, but often lack support for high-quality teaching. The reason is twofold: first,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Jiayi Wang , Ruiwei Xiao , Xinying Hou , John Stamper

This study explores the impact of Large Language Models (LLMs) in higher education, focusing on an automated oral examination simulation using a prototype. The design considerations of the prototype are described, and the system is…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-01-15 André Nitze

Mathematical reasoning is a fundamental capability for large language models (LLMs), yet achieving high performance in this domain remains a significant challenge. The auto-regressive generation process often makes LLMs susceptible to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Xiaoxuan Lou , Chaojie Wang , Bo An

This study investigates the potential for Large Language Models (LLMs) to scale-up Dynamic Assessment (DA). To facilitate such an investigation, we first developed DynaWrite-a modular, microservices-based grammatical tutoring application…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Timur Jaganov , John Blake , Julián Villegas , Nicholas Carr

While Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities in zero-shot and few-shot scenarios, they often require computationally prohibitive sizes. Conversely, smaller Masked Language Models (MLMs) like BERT and RoBERTa achieve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Ahmed Elshabrawy , Yongxin Huang , Iryna Gurevych , Alham Fikri Aji

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive potential to simulate human behavior. We identify a fundamental challenge in using them to simulate experiments: when LLM-simulated subjects are blind to the experimental design (as is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 George Gui , Olivier Toubia

Intelligent tutoring systems have demonstrated effectiveness in teaching formal propositional logic proofs, but their reliance on template-based explanations limits their ability to provide personalized student feedback. While large…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Sutapa Dey Tithi , Arun Kumar Ramesh , Clara DiMarco , Xiaoyi Tian , Nazia Alam , Kimia Fazeli , Tiffany Barnes

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) demonstrate remarkable performance across a wide range of domains, with increasing emphasis on enhancing their zero-shot generalization capabilities for unseen tasks across various modalities.…

Large language models (LLMs), especially when instruction-tuned for chat, have become part of our daily lives, freeing people from the process of searching, extracting, and integrating information from multiple sources by offering a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Yuxia Wang , Minghan Wang , Muhammad Arslan Manzoor , Fei Liu , Georgi Georgiev , Rocktim Jyoti Das , Preslav Nakov

Retrained large language models (LLMs) have become extensively used across various sub-disciplines of natural language processing (NLP). In NLP, text classification problems have garnered considerable focus, but still faced with some…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Zhiqiang Wang , Yiran Pang , Yanbin Lin

Deaf and Hard of Hearing (DHH) learners face unique challenges in learning environments, often due to a lack of tailored educational materials that address their specific needs. This study explores the potential of Large Language Models…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Si Cheng , Shuxu Huffman , Qingxiaoyang Zhu , Haotian Su , Raja Kushalnagar , Qi Wang

The advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has greatly improved our ability to process complex language. However, accurately detecting logical fallacies remains a significant challenge. This study presents a novel and effective prompt…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Jiwon Jeong , Hyeju Jang , Hogun Park

Large Language Model (LLM) agents significantly extend the capabilities of standalone LLMs, empowering them to interact with external tools (e.g., APIs, functions) and complete various tasks in a self-directed fashion. The challenge of tool…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Weizhou Shen , Chenliang Li , Hongzhan Chen , Ming Yan , Xiaojun Quan , Hehong Chen , Ji Zhang , Fei Huang

The emergence of intelligence in large language models (LLMs) has inspired investigations into their integration into automata learning. This paper introduces the probabilistic Minimally Adequate Teacher (pMAT) formulation, which leverages…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Lekai Chen , Ashutosh Trivedi , Alvaro Velasquez

While Large Language Models (LLMs) are often used as virtual tutors in computer science (CS) education, this approach can foster passive learning and over-reliance. This paper presents a novel pedagogical paradigm that inverts this model:…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Xinming Yang , Haasil Pujara , Jun Li

When a teacher provides examples for a student to study, these examples must be informative, enabling a student to progress from their current state toward a target concept or skill. Good teachers must therefore simultaneously infer what…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Alexis Ross , Jacob Andreas

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been showing promising results for various NLP-tasks without the explicit need to be trained for these tasks by using few-shot or zero-shot prompting techniques. A common NLP-task is question-answering…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Kevin Fischer , Darren Fürst , Sebastian Steindl , Jakob Lindner , Ulrich Schäfer

Providing students with flexible and timely academic support is a challenge at most colleges and universities, leaving many students without help outside scheduled hours. Large language models (LLMs) are promising for bridging this gap, but…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Chang Liu , Loc Hoang , Andrew Stolman , Rene F. Kizilcec , Bo Wu