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Large language models (LLMs) are revolutionizing education, with LLM-based agents playing a key role in simulating student behavior. A major challenge in student simulation is modeling the diverse learning patterns of students at various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Tao Wu , Jingyuan Chen , Wang Lin , Mengze Li , Yumeng Zhu , Ang Li , Kun Kuang , Fei Wu

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated the ability to generate formative feedback and instructional hints in English, making them increasingly relevant for AI-assisted education. However, their ability to provide effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Junior Cedric Tonga , KV Aditya Srivatsa , Kaushal Kumar Maurya , Fajri Koto , Ekaterina Kochmar

Large language models (LLMs) have been proposed as scalable tools to address the gap between the importance of individualized written feedback and the practical challenges of providing it at scale. However, concerns persist regarding the…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2025-11-12 Niklas Ippisch , Markus Herklotz , Anna-Carolina Haensch , Carsten Schwemmer

Simulated Students offer a valuable methodological framework for evaluating pedagogical approaches and modelling diverse learner profiles, tasks which are otherwise challenging to undertake systematically in real-world settings. Recent…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Luis Marquez-Carpintero , Alberto Lopez-Sellers , Miguel Cazorla

Digital Simulations (DS) provide safe environments where users interact with an agent through conversational prompts, providing engaging learning experiences that can be used to train teacher candidates in realistic classroom scenarios.…

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly adopted in educational technologies for a variety of tasks, from generating instructional materials and assisting with assessment design to tutoring. While prior work has investigated how models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Kirk Vanacore , Rene F. Kizilcec

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) demonstrate their potential as educational tutors. However, different tutoring strategies benefit different student personalities, and mismatches can be counterproductive to student outcomes.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Donya Rooein , Sankalan Pal Chowdhury , Mariia Eremeeva , Yuan Qin , Debora Nozza , Mrinmaya Sachan , Dirk Hovy

Advances in large language models (LLMs) enable many new innovations in education. However, evaluating the effectiveness of new technology requires real students, which is time-consuming and hard to scale up. Therefore, many recent works on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Alexander Scarlatos , Jaewook Lee , Simon Woodhead , Andrew Lan

Research suggests that tutors should adopt a strategic approach when addressing math errors made by low-efficacy students. Rather than drawing direct attention to the error, tutors should guide the students to identify and correct their…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Sanjit Kakarla , Danielle Thomas , Jionghao Lin , Shivang Gupta , Kenneth R. Koedinger

Recent work has explored the use of large language models (LLMs) to generate tutoring responses in mathematics, yet it remains unclear how closely their instructional behavior aligns with expert human practice. We analyze a dataset of math…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Ramatu Oiza Abdulsalam , Segun Aroyehun

Students benefit from math problems contextualized to their interests. Large language models (LLMs) offer promise for efficient personalization at scale. However, LLM-generated personalized problems may often have problems such as…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Fareya Ikram , Nischal Ashok Kumar , Junyang Lu , Hunter McNichols , Candace Walkington , Neil Heffernan , Andrew S. Lan

We explore the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) for automated assessment of open-text student reflections and prediction of academic performance. Traditional methods for evaluating reflections are time-consuming and may not scale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Gen Li , Li Chen , Cheng Tang , Valdemar Švábenský , Daisuke Deguchi , Takayoshi Yamashita , Atsushi Shimada

Due to the remarkable language understanding and generation abilities of large language models (LLMs), their use in educational applications has been explored. However, little work has been done on investigating the pedagogical ability of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 An-Zi Yen , Wei-Ling Hsu

Personalized chatbot-based teaching assistants can be crucial in addressing increasing classroom sizes, especially where direct teacher presence is limited. Large language models (LLMs) offer a promising avenue, with increasing research…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Harsh Kumar , Ilya Musabirov , Mohi Reza , Jiakai Shi , Xinyuan Wang , Joseph Jay Williams , Anastasia Kuzminykh , Michael Liut

Conversational question-answering (CQA) systems aim to create interactive search systems that effectively retrieve information by interacting with users. To replicate human-to-human conversations, existing work uses human annotators to play…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Zahra Abbasiantaeb , Yifei Yuan , Evangelos Kanoulas , Mohammad Aliannejadi

One-to-one tutoring is one of the most efficient methods of teaching. With the growing popularity of Large Language Models (LLMs), there have been efforts to create LLM based conversational tutors which can expand the benefits of one to one…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Romain Puech , Jakub Macina , Julia Chatain , Mrinmaya Sachan , Manu Kapur

Large language models (LLMs) have the potential to enhance K-12 STEM education by improving both teaching and learning processes. While previous studies have shown promising results, there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Eason Chen , Danyang Wang , Luyi Xu , Chen Cao , Xiao Fang , Jionghao Lin

Large language models can increasingly adapt educational tasks to learners characteristics. In the present study, we examine a multi-agent teacher-in-the-loop system for personalizing middle school math problems. The teacher enters a base…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Candace Walkington , Theodora Beauchamp , Fareya Ikram , Merve Koçyiğit Gürbüz , Fangli Xia , Margan Lee , Andrew Lan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have limited performance when solving arithmetic reasoning tasks and often provide incorrect answers. Unlike natural language understanding, math problems typically have a single correct answer, making the task…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Shima Imani , Liang Du , Harsh Shrivastava

People have long hoped for a conversational system that can assist in real-life situations, and recent progress on large language models (LLMs) is bringing this idea closer to reality. While LLMs are often impressive in performance, their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Linkai Peng , Baorian Nuchged , Yingming Gao
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