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Variational Quantum Circuits (VQC) are promising models for quantum machine learning, but standard monolithic architectures face an expressivity--trainability dilemma: small circuits can be under-parameterized, while larger circuits are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-12 Howard Su , Chen-Yu Liu , Samuel Yen-Chi Chen , Kuan-Cheng Chen , Huan-Hsin Tseng

The individual optimization of quantum circuit parameters is currently one of the main practical bottlenecks in variational quantum eigensolvers for electronic systems. To this end, several machine learning approaches have been proposed to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-06 Davide Bincoletto , Korbinian Stein , Jonas Motyl , Jakob S. Kottmann

In recent years, neural networks (NNs) have driven significant advances in machine learning. However, as tasks grow more complex, NNs often require large numbers of trainable parameters, which increases computational and energy demands.…

Parameterized quantum circuits can be used as quantum neural networks and have the potential to outperform their classical counterparts when trained for addressing learning problems. To date, much of the results on their performance on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-13 Junyu Liu , Khadijeh Najafi , Kunal Sharma , Francesco Tacchino , Liang Jiang , Antonio Mezzacapo

This article explores search strategies for the design of parameterized quantum circuits. We propose several optimization approaches including random search plus survival of the fittest, reinforcement learning both with classical and hybrid…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-05 Mohammad Pirhooshyaran , Tamas Terlaky

Predictive coding has emerged as an influential normative model of neural computation, with numerous extensions and applications. As such, much effort has been put into mapping PC faithfully onto the cortex, but there are issues that remain…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-03-07 Siavash Golkar , Tiberiu Tesileanu , Yanis Bahroun , Anirvan M. Sengupta , Dmitri B. Chklovskii

In this paper we present an architecture that enables the redesign of large-scale quantum circuits on quantum hardware based on the entangling quantum generative adversarial network (EQ-GAN). Specifically, by prepending a random quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-19 Runhong He , Ji Guan , Xin Hong , Guolong Cui , Shengbin Wang , Shenggang Ying

In the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era, using variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) to solve optimization problems has become a key application. However, these algorithms face significant challenges, such as choosing an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-13 Junyong Lee , JeiHee Cho , Shiho Kim

Parametrized quantum circuits are essential components of variational quantum algorithms. Until now, optical implementations of these circuits have relied solely on adjustable linear optical units. In this study, we demonstrate that using…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-22 E. A. Chernykh , M. Yu. Saygin , G. I. Struchalin , S. P. Kulik , S. S. Straupe

Recently, the implementation of quantum neural networks is based on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. Parameterized quantum circuit (PQC) is such the method, and its current design just can handle linear data classification.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-08 Yanhu Chen , Cen Wang , Hongxiang Guo , Jianwu

Quantum machine learning has shown promise for high-dimensional data analysis, yet many existing approaches rely on linear unitary operations and shared trainable parameters across outputs. These constraints limit expressivity and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-17 Viktoria Patapovich , Maniraman Periyasamy , Mo Kordzanganeh , Alexey Melnikov

Recent work has begun to explore the potential of parametrized quantum circuits (PQCs) as general function approximators. In this work, we propose a quantum-classical deep network structure to enhance classical CNN model discriminability.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-10 Tong Dou , Guofeng Zhang , Wei Cui

Quantum computers promise improving machine learning. We investigated the performance of new quantum neural network designs. Quantum neural networks currently employed rely on a feature map to encode the input into a quantum state. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-16 Felix Petitzon

Recent advancements in Quantum Computing and Machine Learning have increased attention to Quantum Machine Learning (QML), which aims to develop machine learning models by exploiting the quantum computing paradigm. One of the widely used…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Antonio Tudisco , Andrea Marchesin , Maurizio Zamboni , Mariagrazia Graziano , Giovanna Turvani

Applying new computing paradigms like quantum computing to the field of machine learning has recently gained attention. However, as high-dimensional real-world applications are not yet feasible to be solved using purely quantum hardware,…

The development of quantum computers has been the stimulus that enables the realization of Quantum Machine Learning (QML), an area that integrates the calculational framework of quantum mechanics with the adaptive properties of classical…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Bhavna Bose , Saurav Verma

Quantum machine learning models that leverage quantum circuits as quantum feature maps (QFMs) are recognized for their enhanced expressive power in learning tasks. Such models have demonstrated rigorous end-to-end quantum speedups for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-29 Nasa Matsumoto , Quoc Hoan Tran , Koki Chinzei , Yasuhiro Endo , Hirotaka Oshima

Expressibility is a crucial factor of a Parameterized Quantum Circuit (PQC). In the context of Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQA) based Quantum Machine Learning (QML), a QML model composed of highly expressible PQC and sufficient number…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-12 Yu Liu , Kentaro Baba , Kazuya Kaneko , Naoyuki Takeda , Junpei Koyama , Koichi Kimura

Quantum machine learning, focusing on quantum neural networks (QNNs), remains a vastly uncharted field of study. Current QNN models primarily employ variational circuits on an ansatz or a quantum feature map, often requiring multiple…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-02 Utkarsh Singh , Aaron Z. Goldberg , Khabat Heshami

Hybrid quantum-classical learning models increasingly integrate neural networks with variational quantum circuits (VQCs) to exploit complementary inductive biases. However, many existing approaches rely on tightly coupled architectures or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Jun Qi , Chao-Han Huck Yang , Pin-Yu Chen , Min-Hsiu Hsieh , Hector Zenil , Jesper Tegner