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Robust adaptation of LLMs and VLMs is often evaluated by average accuracy or average consistency under perturbations. However, these averages can hide a structured failure mode: a prediction may remain correct while probability mass already…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zhuoyun Li , Boxuan Wang , Jinwei Hu , Xiaowei Huang , Yi Dong

High-fidelity Monte Carlo simulations and complex inverse problems, such as mapping smeared experimental observations to ground-truth states, are computationally intensive yet essential for robust data analysis. Conditional Flow Matching…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Zeyu Xia , Tyler Kim , Trevor Reed , Judy Fox , Geoffrey Fox , Adam Szczepaniak

Air Traffic Flow Management (ATFM) traffic regulations are being increasingly used as rising demand meets persistent workforce shortages. This operational strain has amplified a critical phenomenon that we call \emph{regulation cascading}:…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-22 Thinh Hoang , Zhengyi Wang , Leila Zerrouki , Daniel Delahaye

Continuous diffusion and flow matching models could represent a powerful alternative to autoregressive approaches for language modelling (LM), as they unlock a host of advantages currently reserved for continuous modalities, including…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Oscar Davis , Anastasiia Filippova , Pierre Ablin , Victor Turrisi , Amitis Shidani , Marco Cuturi , Louis Béthune

To predict future trajectories, the normalizing flow with a standard Gaussian prior suffers from weak diversity. The ineffectiveness comes from the conflict between the fact of asymmetric and multi-modal distribution of likely outcomes and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Jiahe Chen , Jinkun Cao , Dahua Lin , Kris Kitani , Jiangmiao Pang

Feature attributions often hide a critical modeling choice: they explain a prediction along a counterfactual path from a reference state to an input. Different baselines, interpolations, and generative trajectories define different paths…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Cenwei Zhang , Lin Zhu , Manxi Lin , Lei You

We tackle the problem of estimating flow between two images with large lighting variations. Recent learning-based flow estimation frameworks have shown remarkable performance on image pairs with small displacement and constant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Zhaoyang Huang , Xiaokun Pan , Runsen Xu , Yan Xu , Ka chun Cheung , Guofeng Zhang , Hongsheng Li

Imitation learning is a promising approach for enabling generalist capabilities in humanoid robots, but its scaling is fundamentally constrained by the scarcity of high-quality expert demonstrations. This limitation can be mitigated by…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Quentin Rouxel , Clemente Donoso , Fei Chen , Serena Ivaldi , Jean-Baptiste Mouret

Many tool-based Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) systems lack precise mechanisms for tracing final responses back to specific tool components -- a critical gap as systems scale to complex multi-agent architectures. We present…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-06 James Gao , Josh Zhou , Qi Sun , Ryan Huang , Steven Yoo

Deep learning-based generative models have emerged as powerful tools for modeling complex data distributions and generating high-fidelity samples, offering a transformative approach to efficiently explore the configuration space of…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-11-12 Xiaoshan Luo , Zhenyu Wang , Qingchang Wang , Jian Lv , Lei Wang , Yanchao Wang , Yanming Ma

Diffusion models can learn rich representations during data generation, showing potential for Self-Supervised Learning (SSL), but they face a trade-off between generative quality and discriminative performance. Their iterative sampling also…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Kosuke Ukita , Tsuyoshi Okita

Robot motion distributions often exhibit multi-modality and require flexible generative models for accurate representation. Streaming Flow Policies (SFPs) have recently emerged as a powerful paradigm for generating robot trajectories by…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Jieting Long , Dechuan Liu , Weidong Cai , Ian Manchester , Weiming Zhi

Flow Matching (FM) models achieve remarkable results in generative tasks. Building upon diffusion models, FM's simulation-free training paradigm enables simplicity and efficiency but introduces a train-inference gap: model outputs cannot be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Zhaoyi Li , Jingtao Ding , Yong Li , Shihua Li

Flow Matching (FM) method in generative modeling maps arbitrary probability distributions by constructing an interpolation between them and then learning the vector field that defines ODE for this interpolation. Recently, it was shown that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-03 Nikita Kornilov , Alexander Korotin

The goal of this paper is to provide a new perspective on speech modeling by incorporating perceptual invariances such as amplitude scaling and temporal shifts. Conventional generative formulations often treat each dataset sample as a fixed…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-24 Doyeop Kwak , Youngjoon Jang , Joon Son Chung

Diffusion and flow-matching models scale because pretraining is supervised regression: a clean sample is noised analytically, and a model regresses against a closed-form target. RL post-training aligns the model with a reward. In image…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Andreas Bergmeister , Stefanie Jegelka , Nikolas Nüsken , Carles Domingo-Enrich , Jakiw Pidstrigach

This paper introduces a novel framework for image quality transfer based on conditional flow matching (CFM). Unlike conventional generative models that rely on iterative sampling or adversarial objectives, CFM learns a continuous flow…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Huu Tien Nguyen , Ahmed Karam Eldaly

Dense image correspondence is central to many applications, such as visual odometry, 3D reconstruction, object association, and re-identification. Historically, dense correspondence has been tackled separately for wide-baseline scenarios…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Yuchen Zhang , Nikhil Keetha , Chenwei Lyu , Bhuvan Jhamb , Yutian Chen , Yuheng Qiu , Jay Karhade , Shreyas Jha , Yaoyu Hu , Deva Ramanan , Sebastian Scherer , Wenshan Wang

Flow maps are thematic maps that visualize object movements across space with a tree layout, in which the underlying tree structure is similar to a natural river system. In this paper, we present a novel and automated approach named RFDA-FM…

Graphics · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Zhiwei Wei , Su Ding , Yang Wang , Yuanben Zhang , Wenjia Xu

Graph-based Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems leverage interconnected knowledge structures to capture complex relationships that flat retrieval struggles with, enabling multi-hop reasoning. Yet most existing graph-based methods…

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