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Quantum computing offers the potential of exponential speedups for certain classical computations. Over the last decade, many quantum machine learning (QML) algorithms have been proposed as candidates for such exponential improvements.…

Recently, a new multi-step temporal learning algorithm, called $Q(\sigma)$, unifies $n$-step Tree-Backup (when $\sigma=0$) and $n$-step Sarsa (when $\sigma=1$) by introducing a sampling parameter $\sigma$. However, similar to other…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-02-12 Long Yang , Minhao Shi , Qian Zheng , Wenjia Meng , Gang Pan

Q-learning and SARSA are foundational reinforcement learning algorithms whose practical success depends critically on step-size calibration. Step-sizes that are too large can cause numerical instability, while step-sizes that are too small…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-28 Hwanwoo Kim , Eric Laber

``Distribution shift'' is the main obstacle to the success of offline reinforcement learning. A learning policy may take actions beyond the behavior policy's knowledge, referred to as Out-of-Distribution (OOD) actions. The Q-values for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Jing Zhang , Linjiajie Fang , Kexin Shi , Wenjia Wang , Bing-Yi Jing

Policy evaluation in reinforcement learning is often conducted using two-timescale stochastic approximation, which results in various gradient temporal difference methods such as GTD(0), GTD2, and TDC. Here, we provide convergence rate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-05 Gal Dalal , Balazs Szorenyi , Gugan Thoppe

In this work, we study statistical learning with dependent ($\beta$-mixing) data and square loss in a hypothesis class $\mathscr{F}\subset L_{\Psi_p}$ where $\Psi_p$ is the norm $\|f\|_{\Psi_p} \triangleq \sup_{m\geq 1} m^{-1/p} \|f\|_{L^m}…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Ingvar Ziemann , Stephen Tu , George J. Pappas , Nikolai Matni

This paper develops a sign-separated finite-time error analysis for constant step-size Q-learning. Starting from the switching-system representation, the error is decomposed into its componentwise negative and positive parts. The negative…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Donghwan Lee

Greedy-GQ with linear function approximation, originally proposed in \cite{maei2010toward}, is a value-based off-policy algorithm for optimal control in reinforcement learning, and it has a non-linear two timescale structure with the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Yue Wang , Yi Zhou , Shaofeng Zou

In deep learning tasks, the learning rate determines the update step size in each iteration, which plays a critical role in gradient-based optimization. However, the determination of the appropriate learning rate in practice typically…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-04-08 Yingqiu Zhu , Yu Chen , Danyang Huang , Bo Zhang , Hansheng Wang

Acceleration is an increasingly common theme in the stochastic optimization literature. The two most common examples are Nesterov's method, and Polyak's momentum technique. In this paper two new algorithms are introduced for root finding…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-02-07 Adithya M. Devraj , Ana Bušić , Sean Meyn

In this work, we propose three efficient restart paradigms for model-free non-stationary reinforcement learning (RL). We identify two core issues with the restart design of Mao et al. (2022)'s RestartQ-UCB algorithm: (1) complete…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Hiroshi Nonaka , Simon Ambrozak , Sofia R. Miskala-Dinc , Amedeo Ercole , Aviva Prins

This paper presents a sample-efficient, data-driven control framework for finite-horizon linear quadratic (LQ) control of linear time-varying (LTV) systems. In contrast to the time-invariant case, the time-varying LQ problem involves a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-30 Sahel Vahedi Noori , Maryam Babazadeh

We consider model-free reinforcement learning for infinite-horizon discounted Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) with a continuous state space and unknown transition kernel, when only a single sample path under an arbitrary policy of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-24 Devavrat Shah , Qiaomin Xie

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a classical tool to solve network control or policy optimization problems in unknown environments. The original Q-learning suffers from performance and complexity challenges across very large networks. Herein,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Talha Bozkus , Urbashi Mitra

Most theoretical studies explaining the regularization effect in deep learning have only focused on gradient descent with a sufficient small learning rate or even gradient flow (infinitesimal learning rate). Such researches, however, have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-17 Wei Huang , Weitao Du , Richard Yi Da Xu , Chunrui Liu

Brains remain unrivaled in their ability to recognize and generate complex spatiotemporal patterns. While AI is able to reproduce some of these capabilities, deep learning algorithms remain largely at odds with our current understanding of…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-03-13 Simon Brandt , Paul Haider , Walter Senn , Federico Benitez , Mihai A. Petrovici

We study the problem of learning the optimal policy in a discounted, infinite-horizon reinforcement learning (RL) setting in the presence of adversarially corrupted rewards. To address this problem, we develop a novel robust variant of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Sreejeet Maity , Aritra Mitra

We consider a prospect theoretic version of the classical Q-learning algorithm for discounted reward Markov decision processes, wherein the controller perceives a distorted and noisy future reward, modeled by a nonlinearity that accentuates…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-02 Vivek S. Borkar , Siddharth Chandak

In reinforcement learning (RL), Q-learning is a fundamental algorithm whose convergence is guaranteed in the tabular setting. However, this convergence guarantee does not hold under linear function approximation. To overcome this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Hyukjun Yang , Han-Dong Lim , Donghwan Lee

In classical Q-learning, the objective is to maximize the sum of discounted rewards through iteratively using the Bellman equation as an update, in an attempt to estimate the action value function of the optimal policy. Conventionally, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-25 Hadi S. Jomaa , Josif Grabocka , Lars Schmidt-Thieme