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Large language models (LLMs), including zero-shot and few-shot paradigms, have shown promising capabilities in clinical text generation. However, real-world applications face two key challenges: (1) patient data is highly unstructured,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Garapati Keerthana , Manik Gupta

Background: Clinical documentation represents a significant burden for healthcare providers, with physicians spending up to 2 hours daily on administrative tasks. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) offer promising solutions,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Johnson Thomas , Ayush Mudgal , Wendao Liu , Nisten Tahiraj , Zeeshaan Mohammed , Dhruv Diddi

Background: Machine learning methods for clinical named entity recognition and entity normalization systems can utilize both labeled corpora and Knowledge Graphs (KGs) for learning. However, infrequently occurring concepts may have few…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Kuleen Sasse , Shinjitha Vadlakonda , Richard E. Kennedy , John D. Osborne

Unstructured text in medical notes and dialogues contains rich information. Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated superior performance in question answering and summarization tasks on unstructured text data,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Yuhao Chen , Zhimu Wang , Bo Wen , Farhana Zulkernine

Despite recent advancements in speech emotion recognition (SER) models, state-of-the-art deep learning (DL) approaches face the challenge of the limited availability of annotated data. Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionised our…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Siddique Latif , Muhammad Usama , Mohammad Ibrahim Malik , Björn W. Schuller

Recent advancements in language models (LMs) have led to the emergence of powerful models such as Small LMs (e.g., T5) and Large LMs (e.g., GPT-4). These models have demonstrated exceptional capabilities across a wide range of tasks, such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Mingchen Li , Rui Zhang

Understanding how individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) describe cognitive experiences in their daily lives can offer valuable insights into disease-related cognitive and emotional changes. However, extracting such information from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Varada Khanna , Nilay Bhatt , Ikgyu Shin , Sule Tinaz , Yang Ren , Hua Xu , Vipina K. Keloth

Despite growing interest in using large language models (LLMs) to automate annotation, their effectiveness in complex, nuanced, and multi-dimensional labelling tasks remains relatively underexplored. This study focuses on annotation for the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Leila Tavakoli , Hamed Zamani

Mental health disorders impose a substantial global socioeconomic burden. While large language models (LLMs) offer 24/7, non-judgmental interactions to address this gap, pretrained models lack contextual coherence and emotional alignment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Eric Hua Qing Zhang , Julia Ive

Writing radiology reports from medical images requires a high level of domain expertise. It is time-consuming even for trained radiologists and can be error-prone for inexperienced radiologists. It would be appealing to automate this task…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Yuzhe Lu , Sungmin Hong , Yash Shah , Panpan Xu

Digital health analytics face critical challenges nowadays. The sophisticated analysis of patient-generated health content, which contains complex emotional and medical contexts, requires scarce domain expertise, while traditional ML…

Recently, Large Language Models (LLM) have demonstrated impressive capability to solve a wide range of tasks. However, despite their success across various tasks, no prior work has investigated their capability in the biomedical domain yet.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Israt Jahan , Md Tahmid Rahman Laskar , Chun Peng , Jimmy Huang

This study investigates the effectiveness of Large Language Models (LLMs) in interpreting existing literature through a systematic review of the relationship between Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors and financial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Aaditya Shah , Shridhar Mehendale , Siddha Kanthi

Aligning terminological resources, including ontologies, controlled vocabularies, taxonomies, and value sets is a critical part of data integration in many domains such as healthcare, chemistry, and biomedical research. Entity mapping is…

We investigate the effectiveness of fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) on small medical datasets for text classification and named entity recognition tasks. Using a German cardiology report dataset and the i2b2 Smoking Challenge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Noah Losch , Lucas Plagwitz , Antonius Büscher , Julian Varghese

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly adopted for applications in healthcare, reaching the performance of domain experts on tasks such as question answering and document summarisation. Despite their success on these tasks, it is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Aishik Nagar , Viktor Schlegel , Thanh-Tung Nguyen , Hao Li , Yuping Wu , Kuluhan Binici , Stefan Winkler

The utilization of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) for clinical risk prediction is on the rise. However, strict privacy regulations limit access to comprehensive health records, making it challenging to apply standard machine learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-08 Angeela Acharya , Sulabh Shrestha , Anyi Chen , Joseph Conte , Sanja Avramovic , Siddhartha Sikdar , Antonios Anastasopoulos , Sanmay Das

Large language models (LLMs) have shown potential in biomedical applications, leading to efforts to fine-tune them on domain-specific data. However, the effectiveness of this approach remains unclear. This study evaluates the performance of…

Mobile and wearable healthcare monitoring play a vital role in facilitating timely interventions, managing chronic health conditions, and ultimately improving individuals' quality of life. Previous studies on large language models (LLMs)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Xin Wang , Ting Dang , Xinyu Zhang , Vassilis Kostakos , Michael J. Witbrock , Hong Jia

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable medical expertise, but data privacy concerns impede their direct use in healthcare environments. Although offering improved data privacy protection, domain-specific small language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Xinlu Zhang , Shiyang Li , Xianjun Yang , Chenxin Tian , Yao Qin , Linda Ruth Petzold