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Related papers: Many Preferences, Few Policies: Towards Scalable L…

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Pluralistic alignment has emerged as a critical frontier in the development of Large Language Models (LLMs), with reward models (RMs) serving as a central mechanism for capturing diverse human values. While benchmarks for general response…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Qiyao Ma , Dechen Gao , Rui Cai , Boqi Zhao , Hanchu Zhou , Junshan Zhang , Zhe Zhao

As large language models (LLMs) are deployed globally, creating pluralistic systems that can accommodate the diverse preferences and values of users worldwide becomes essential. We introduce EVALUESTEER, a benchmark to measure LLMs' and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Kshitish Ghate , Andy Liu , Devansh Jain , Taylor Sorensen , Atoosa Kasirzadeh , Aylin Caliskan , Mona T. Diab , Maarten Sap

In modern financial markets, investors increasingly seek personalized and adaptive portfolio strategies that reflect their individual risk preferences and respond to dynamic market conditions. Traditional rule-based or static optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Bangyu Li , Boping Gu , Ziyang Ding

Large language models (LLMs) have been widely adopted due to their remarkable performance across various applications, driving the accelerated development of a large number of diverse models. However, these individual LLMs show limitations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Kaushal Kumar Maurya , KV Aditya Srivatsa , Ekaterina Kochmar

Alignment algorithms are widely used to align large language models (LLMs) to human users based on preference annotations. Typically these (often divergent) preferences are aggregated over a diverse set of users, resulting in fine-tuned…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Cristina Garbacea , Chenhao Tan

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed via public-facing interfaces to interact with millions of users, each with diverse preferences. Despite this, preference tuning of LLMs predominantly relies on reward models trained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Vishakh Padmakumar , Chuanyang Jin , Hannah Rose Kirk , He He

With the rise in capabilities of large language models (LLMs) and their deployment in real-world tasks, evaluating LLM alignment with human preferences has become an important challenge. Current benchmarks average preferences across all…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Cristina Garbacea , Heran Wang , Chenhao Tan

Personalized LLM systems have advanced rapidly, yet most operate in domains where user preferences are stable and ground truth is either absent or subjective. We argue that individual investor decision-making presents a uniquely challenging…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Yash Ganpat Sawant

Recent self-rewarding large language models (LLM) have successfully applied LLM-as-a-Judge to iteratively improve the alignment performance without the need of human annotations for preference data. These methods commonly utilize the same…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Zhaoyang Wang , Weilei He , Zhiyuan Liang , Xuchao Zhang , Chetan Bansal , Ying Wei , Weitong Zhang , Huaxiu Yao

Existing benchmarks for large language models (LLMs) predominantely focus on assessing their capabilities through verifiable tasks. Such objective and static benchmarks offer limited utility for practical LLM selection, making it difficult…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Qi Jia , Xiujie Song , Zicheng Zhang , Yijin Guo , Kaiwei Zhang , Zijian Chen , Guangtao Zhai

Large language models (LLMs) are currently aligned using techniques such as reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). However, these methods use scalar rewards that can only reflect user preferences on average. Pluralistic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Jadie Adams , Brian Hu , Emily Veenhuis , David Joy , Bharadwaj Ravichandran , Aaron Bray , Anthony Hoogs , Arslan Basharat

Although humans inherently have diverse values, current large language model (LLM) alignment methods often assume that aligning LLMs with the general public's preferences is optimal. A major challenge in adopting a more individualized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Seongyun Lee , Sue Hyun Park , Seungone Kim , Minjoon Seo

Modern large language models (LLMs) are optimized for human-aligned responses using Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF). However, existing RLHF approaches assume a universal preference model and fail to account for individual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Idan Shenfeld , Felix Faltings , Pulkit Agrawal , Aldo Pacchiano

Personalizing large language models (LLMs) is important for aligning outputs with diverse user preferences, yet existing methods struggle with flexibility and generalization. We propose CoPL (Collaborative Preference Learning), a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Youngbin Choi , Seunghyuk Cho , Minjong Lee , MoonJeong Park , Yesong Ko , Jungseul Ok , Dongwoo Kim

Large language models (LLMs) alignment aims to ensure that the behavior of LLMs meets human preferences. While collecting data from multiple fine-grained, aspect-specific preferences becomes more and more feasible, existing alignment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jia Zhang , Yao Liu , Chen-Xi Zhang , Yi Liu , Yi-Xuan Jin , Lan-Zhe Guo , Yu-Feng Li

Personalization is a critical task in modern intelligent systems, with applications spanning diverse domains, including interactions with large language models (LLMs). Recent advances in reasoning capabilities have significantly enhanced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Sichun Luo , Guanzhi Deng , Jian Xu , Xiaojie Zhang , Hanxu Hou , Linqi Song

With the onset of large language models (LLMs), the performance of artificial intelligence (AI) models is becoming increasingly multi-dimensional. Accordingly, there have been several large, multi-dimensional evaluation frameworks put…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Sean Steinle

Personalization of Large Language Models (LLMs) has recently become increasingly important with a wide range of applications. Despite the importance and recent progress, most existing works on personalized LLMs have focused either entirely…

Reward models (RMs) are essential for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences to improve interaction quality. However, the real world is pluralistic, which leads to diversified human preferences with respect to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-18 Pengyu Cheng , Jiawen Xie , Ke Bai , Yong Dai , Nan Du

We primarily focus on the field of large language models (LLMs) for recommendation, which has been actively explored recently and poses a significant challenge in effectively enhancing recommender systems with logical reasoning abilities…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Jiachen Zhu , Jianghao Lin , Xinyi Dai , Bo Chen , Rong Shan , Jieming Zhu , Ruiming Tang , Yong Yu , Weinan Zhang