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Generative AI is spreading rapidly, creating significant social and economic value while also raising concerns about its high energy use and environmental sustainability. While prior studies have predominantly focused on the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Min-Kyu Kim , Tae-An Yoo , Ji-Bum Chung

The rapid adoption of Generative AI (GenAI) in the software development life cycle (SDLC) increases computational demand, which can raise the carbon footprint of development activities. At the same time, organizations are increasingly…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Mateen A. Abbasi , Tommi J. Mikkonen , Petri J. Ihantola , Muhammad Waseem , Pekka Abrahamsson , Niko K. Mäkitalo

Increased usage of generative AI (GenAI) in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) research induces a climate impact from carbon emissions due to energy consumption of the hardware used to develop and run GenAI models and systems. The exact…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Nanna Inie , Jeanette Falk , Raghavendra Selvan

Generative AI (genAI) is increasingly influencing architectural design practice and is expected to affect, or even transform, the profession, even though its benefits and costs remain unresolved. In response, design schools are increasingly…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Alex Binh Vinh Duc Nguyen

Generative AI (GenAI) is reshaping enterprise architecture work in agile software organizations, yet evidence on its effects remains scattered. We report a systematic literature review (SLR), following established SLR protocols of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Stefan Julian Kooy , Jean Paul Sebastian Piest , Rob Henk Bemthuis

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) tools have become increasingly prevalent in software development, offering assistance to various managerial and technical project activities. Notable examples of these tools include OpenAIs…

Growing awareness of the environmental impact of digital technologies has led to several isolated initiatives to promote sustainable practices. However, despite these efforts, the environmental footprint of generative AI, particularly in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Thomas Le Goff

Context: Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) is transforming much of software development, yet its application in software architecture is still in its infancy, and no prior study has systematically addressed the topic. Aim: We aim…

The proliferation of software and AI comes with a hidden risk: its growing energy and carbon footprint. As concerns regarding environmental sustainability come to the forefront, understanding and optimizing how software impacts the…

This paper explores the environmental impact of the super-linear growth trends for AI from a holistic perspective, spanning Data, Algorithms, and System Hardware. We characterize the carbon footprint of AI computing by examining the model…

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly used to write and refactor research code, expanding computational workflows. At the same time, Green AI research has largely measured the footprint of models rather than the downstream…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Andres Alonso-Robisco , Carlos Esparcia , Francisco Jareño

The carbon footprint of academic conferences becomes a topic of increasing debate. It is important to consider whether the benefits derived from attending conferences in person outweigh the community's carbon footprint. Therefore, we need…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Patricia Lago , Marcel Boehme , Markus Funke

As organizations grapple with the rapid adoption of Generative AI (GenAI), this study synthesizes the state of knowledge through a systematic literature review of secondary studies and research agendas. Analyzing 28 papers published since…

The immense technological progress in artificial intelligence research and applications is increasingly drawing attention to the environmental sustainability of such systems, a field that has been termed Green AI. With this contribution we…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Christian Clemm , Lutz Stobbe , Kishan Wimalawarne , Jan Druschke

The environmental impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-enabled systems is increasing rapidly, and software engineering plays a critical role in developing sustainable solutions. The "Greening AI with Software Engineering" CECAM-Lorentz…

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) is driving significant environmental impacts. The rapid development and deployment of increasingly larger algorithmic models capable of analysing vast amounts of data are contributing to rising…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Ana Valdivia

With the ever-growing adoption of AI-based systems, the carbon footprint of AI is no longer negligible. AI researchers and practitioners are therefore urged to hold themselves accountable for the carbon emissions of the AI models they…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-08 Roberto Verdecchia , June Sallou , Luís Cruz

The rapid adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) has generated growing interest in understanding their environmental impact and the challenges associated with designing environmentally friendly ML-enabled…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Heli Järvenpää , Patricia Lago , Justus Bogner , Grace Lewis , Henry Muccini , Ipek Ozkaya

The increased use of AI systems is associated with multi-faceted societal, environmental, and economic consequences. These include non-transparent decision-making processes, discrimination, increasing inequalities, rising energy consumption…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Friederike Rohde , Josephin Wagner , Andreas Meyer , Philipp Reinhard , Marcus Voss , Ulrich Petschow , Anne Mollen
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