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Autonomous coding agents increasingly contribute to software development by submitting pull requests on GitHub; yet, little is known about how these contributions integrate into human-driven review workflows. We present a large empirical…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Costain Nachuma , Minhaz Zibran

The automatic generation of pull requests (PRs) using AI agents has become increasingly common. Although AI-generated PRs are fast and easy to create, their merge rates have been reported to be lower than those created by humans. In this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Haruhiko Yoshioka , Takahiro Monno , Haruka Tokumasu , Taiki Wakamatsu , Yuki Ota , Nimmi Weeraddana , Kenichi Matsumoto

AI coding agents are increasingly acting as autonomous contributors by generating and submitting pull requests (PRs). However, we lack empirical evidence on how these agent-generated PRs differ from human contributions, particularly in how…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Daniel Ogenrwot , John Businge

The rapid adoption of large language models has led to the emergence of AI coding agents that autonomously create pull requests on GitHub. However, how these agents differ in their pull request description characteristics, and how human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Kan Watanabe , Rikuto Tsuchida , Takahiro Monno , Bin Huang , Kazuma Yamasaki , Youmei Fan , Kazumasa Shimari , Kenichi Matsumoto

AI coding agents increasingly submit pull requests (Agentic-PRs) to open-source repositories, yet their performance is commonly assessed using merge and rejection outcomes alone. We hypothesized that these outcome labels do not reliably…

Autonomous coding agents are increasingly deployed as AI teammates in modern software engineering, independently authoring pull requests (PRs) that modify production code at scale. This study aims to systematically characterize how…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Mohammed Latif Siddiq , Xinye Zhao , Vinicius Carvalho Lopes , Beatrice Casey , Joanna C. S. Santos

Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly automate software engineering tasks. While recent studies highlight the accelerated adoption of ``AI as a teammate'' in Open Source Software (OSS), developer interaction patterns remain…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Haoyu Gao , Peerachai Banyongrakkul , Hao Guan , Mansooreh Zahedi , Christoph Treude

AI-based coding agents are increasingly integrated into software development workflows, collaborating with developers to create pull requests (PRs). Despite their growing adoption, the role of human-agent collaboration in software testing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Roberto Milanese , Francesco Salzano , Angelica Spina , Antonio Vitale , Remo Pareschi , Fausto Fasano , Mattia Fazzini

As software engineering moves toward SE3.0, AI agents are increasingly used to carry out development tasks and contribute changes to software projects. It is therefore important to understand the extent of these contributions and how human…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Kazuma Yamasaki , Joseph Ayobami Joshua , Tasha Settewong , Mahmoud Alfadel , Kazumasa Shimari , Kenichi Matsumoto

Coding agents are becoming increasingly capable of completing end-to-end software engineering workflows that previously required a human developer, including raising pull requests (PRs) to propose their changes. However, we still know…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Lukas Twist , Jie M. Zhang

Testing is a critical practice for ensuring software correctness and long-term maintainability. As agentic coding tools increasingly submit pull requests (PRs), it becomes essential to understand how testing appears in these agent-driven…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Sabrina Haque , Sarvesh Ingale , Christoph Csallner

We analyze code review interactions for AI-generated pull requests (PRs) on GitHub using the AIDev dataset and compare them to human-authored PRs within the same repositories. We find that most AI-generated PRs receive no review and, when…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Kacper Duma , Patryk Wróblewski , Jagoda Bobińska , Julia Winiarska , Piotr Przymus

Autonomous coding agents (e.g., OpenAI Codex, Devin, GitHub Copilot) are increasingly used to generate fix-related pull requests (PRs) in real world software repositories. However, their practical effectiveness depends on whether these…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Khairul Alam , Saikat Mondal , Banani Roy

AI coding agents can autonomously generate pull requests (PRs), yet little is known about how their contributions compare to those of humans. We analyze 33,596 agent-generated PRs (APRs) and 6,618 human PRs (HPRs) to compare code-change…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Dung Pham , Taher A. Ghaleb

AI coding agents are increasingly integrated into modern software engineering workflows, actively collaborating with human developers to create pull requests (PRs) in open-source repositories. Although coding agents improve developer…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-31 K M Ferdous , Dipayan Banik , Kowshik Chowdhury , Shazibul Islam Shamim

AI coding agents are now submitting pull requests (PRs) to software projects, acting not just as assistants but as autonomous contributors. As these agentic contributions are rapidly increasing across real repositories, little is known…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Ramtin Ehsani , Sakshi Pathak , Shriya Rawal , Abdullah Al Mujahid , Mia Mohammad Imran , Preetha Chatterjee

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being integrated into software development processes. The ability to generate code and submit pull requests with minimal human intervention, through the use of autonomous AI agents, is poised to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Miku Watanabe , Hao Li , Yutaro Kashiwa , Brittany Reid , Hajimu Iida , Ahmed E. Hassan

When AI coding agents open branches and submit pull requests (PRs), two questions co-determine oversight design: who starts the work (operational agency) and who authorizes its completion (merge governance). We characterize tools along a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Young Jo , Chung , Safwat Hassan

Performance optimization is a critical yet challenging aspect of software development, often requiring a deep understanding of system behavior, algorithmic tradeoffs, and careful code modifications. Although recent advances in AI coding…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Huiyun Peng , Antonio Zhong , Ricardo Andrés Calvo Méndez , Kelechi G. Kalu , James C. Davis

Pull request (PR) descriptions generated by AI coding agents are the primary channel for communicating code changes to human reviewers. However, the alignment between these messages and the actual changes remains unexplored, raising…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Jingzhi Gong , Giovanni Pinna , Yixin Bian , Jie M. Zhang
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