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We develop optimal control strategies for Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) that are required to meet complex specifications imposed by traffic laws and cultural expectations of reasonable driving behavior. We formulate these specifications as…

In this paper, we propose a quadratic programming-based filter for safe and stable controller design, via a Control Barrier Function (CBF) and a Control Lyapunov Function (CLF). Our method guarantees safety and local asymptotic stability…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-02 Han Wang , Kostas Margellos , Antonis Papachristodoulou

This paper presents a constraint-lifting control framework for designing stabilizing controllers that guarantee the forward invariance of a prescribed safe set. State-of-the-art safety-enforcing methods, such as control barrier functions…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-29 Jhon Manuel Portella Delgado , Ankit Goel

This tutorial paper presents recent work of the authors that extends the theory of Control Barrier Functions (CBFs) to address practical challenges in the synthesis of safe controllers for autonomous systems and robots. We present novel…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-12-29 Kunal Garg , James Usevitch , Joseph Breeden , Mitchell Black , Devansh Agrawal , Hardik Parwana , Dimitra Panagou

We propose a hybrid feedback control law that guarantees both safety and asymptotic stability for a class of Lagrangian systems in environments with obstacles. Rather than performing trajectory planning and implementing a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-02-12 Fernando S. Barbosa , Lars Lindemann , Dimos V. Dimarogonas , Jana Tumova

Guaranteeing the safety of nonlinear systems with bounded inputs remains a key challenge in safe autonomy. Backup control barrier functions (bCBFs) provide a powerful mechanism for constructing controlled invariant sets by propagating…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-20 David E. J. van Wijk , Dohyun Lee , Ersin Das , Tamas G. Molnar , Aaron D. Ames , Joel W. Burdick

Constraint management is a central challenge in modern control systems. A solution is the Reference Governor (RG), which is an add-on strategy to pre-stabilized feedback control systems to enforce state and input constraints by shaping the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-10 Hamid R. Ossareh , William Shayne , Samuel Chevalier

This paper investigates the safety analysis and verification of nonlinear systems subject to high-relative-degree constraints and unknown disturbance. The closed-form solution of the high-order control barrier functions (HOCBF) optimization…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-11 Yan Wei , Yu Feng , Linlin Ou , Yueying Wang , Xinyi Yu

In this note, a new reciprocal resistance-based control barrier function (RRCBF) is developed to enhance the robustness of control barrier functions for disturbed affine nonlinear systems, without requiring explicit knowledge of disturbance…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-28 Xinming Wang , Zongyi Guo , Jianguo Guo , Jun Yang , Yunda Yan

Control Barrier Functions (CBFs) offer a framework for ensuring set invariance and designing constrained control laws. However, crafting a valid CBF relies on system-specific assumptions and the availability of an accurate system model,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-14 Mohammad Bajelani , Klaske van Heusden

Complex control systems are often described in a layered fashion, represented as higher-order systems where the inputs appear after a chain of integrators. While Control Barrier Functions (CBFs) have proven to be powerful tools for…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-05 Andrew J. Taylor , Pio Ong , Tamas G. Molnar , Aaron D. Ames

We study the problem of co-designing control barrier functions (CBF) and linear state feedback controllers for continuous-time linear systems. We achieve this by means of a single semi-definite optimization program. Our formulation can…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-19 Han Wang , Kostas Margellos , Antonis Papachristodoulou , Claudio De Persis

Sampling-based algorithms, such as Rapidly Exploring Random Trees (RRT) and its variants, have been used extensively for motion planning. Control barrier functions (CBFs) have been recently proposed to synthesize controllers for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-06-03 Ahmad Ahmad , Calin Belta , Roberto Tron

Control barrier functions (CBFs) are an effective model-based tool to formally certify the safety of a system. With the growing complexity of modern control problems, CBFs have received increasing attention in both optimization-based and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Lishuo Pan , Mattia Catellani , Thales C. Silva , Lorenzo Sabattini , Nora Ayanian

This paper studies safety guarantees for systems with time-varying control bounds. It has been shown that optimizing quadratic costs subject to state and control constraints can be reduced to a sequence of Quadratic Programs (QPs) using…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-04-22 Shuo Liu , Wei Xiao , Calin A. Belta

Learning-based methods have gained popularity for training candidate Control Barrier Functions (CBFs) to satisfy the CBF conditions on a finite set of sampled states. However, since the CBF is unknown a priori, it is unclear which sampled…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-06-17 Erfan Shakhesi , Alexander Katriniok , W. P. M. H. Heemels

We present LQR-CBF-RRT*, an incremental sampling-based algorithm for offline motion planning. Our framework leverages the strength of Control Barrier Functions (CBFs) and Linear Quadratic Regulators (LQR) to generate safety-critical and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Guang Yang , Mingyu Cai , Ahmad Ahmad , Amanda Prorok , Roberto Tron , Calin Belta

A Command Governor (CG) is an optimization-based add-on scheme to a nominal closed-loop system. It is used to enforce state and control constraints by modifying reference commands. This paper considers the implementation of a CG on embedded…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-01-11 Mehdi Hosseinzadeh , Bruno Sinopoli , Ilya Kolmanovsky , Sanjoy Baruah

With the increasing emphasis on the safe autonomy for robots, model-based safe control approaches such as Control Barrier Functions have been extensively studied to ensure guaranteed safety during inter-robot interactions. In this paper, we…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Yiwei Lyu , Wenhao Luo , John M. Dolan

Constructing a control invariant set with an appropriate shape that fits within a given state constraint is a fundamental problem in safety-critical control but is known to be difficult, especially for large or complex spaces. This paper…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-18 Inkyu Jang , H. Jin Kim