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Multi-agent LLM systems fail to realize parallel speedups due to costly coordination. We present CodeCRDT, an observation-driven coordination pattern where agents coordinate by monitoring a shared state with observable updates and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Sergey Pugachev

End-point monitoring solutions are widely deployed in today's enterprise environments to support advanced attack detection and investigation. These monitors continuously record system-level activities as audit logs and provide deep…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Hao Zhang , Shuo Shao , Song Li , Zhenyu Zhong , Yan Liu , Zhan Qin

Backdoor attacks have become a major security threat for deploying machine learning models in security-critical applications. Existing research endeavors have proposed many defenses against backdoor attacks. Despite demonstrating certain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Hengzhi Pei , Jinyuan Jia , Wenbo Guo , Bo Li , Dawn Song

As LLMs become widespread across diverse applications, concerns about the security and safety of LLM interactions have intensified. Numerous guardrail models and benchmarks have been developed to ensure LLM content safety. However, existing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Mintong Kang , Zhaorun Chen , Chejian Xu , Jiawei Zhang , Chengquan Guo , Minzhou Pan , Ivan Revilla , Yu Sun , Bo Li

Artificial intelligence (AI) control protocols assume that trusted large language model (LLM) monitors reliably assess proposed actions across all deployment contexts. This paper tests that assumption in the geographic dimension. We audit…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Jason Hung

Ensuring the safety of LLM-generated content is essential for real-world deployment. Most existing guardrail models formulate moderation as a fixed binary classification task, implicitly assuming a fixed definition of harmfulness. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Zhihao Ding , Jinming Li , Ze Lu , Jieming Shi

AI agent frameworks connecting large language model (LLM) reasoning to host execution surfaces -- shell, filesystem, containers, and messaging -- introduce security challenges structurally distinct from conventional software. We present a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Surada Suwansathit , Yuxuan Zhang , Guofei Gu

Agentic systems augment large language models with external tools and iterative decision making, enabling complex tasks such as deep research, function calling, and coding. However, their long and intricate execution traces make failure…

AI pentesting agents are increasingly credible as offensive security systems, but current benchmarks still provide limited guidance on which will perform best in real-world targets. Existing evaluation protocols assess and optimize for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Pedro Conde , Henrique Branquinho , Valerio Mazzone , Bruno Mendes , André Baptista , Nuno Moniz

Trojan attack on deep neural networks, also known as backdoor attack, is a typical threat to artificial intelligence. A trojaned neural network behaves normally with clean inputs. However, if the input contains a particular trigger, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Chong Fu , Xuhong Zhang , Shouling Ji , Ting Wang , Peng Lin , Yanghe Feng , Jianwei Yin

Observability into the decision making of modern AI systems may be required to safely deploy increasingly capable agents. Monitoring the chain-of-thought (CoT) of today's reasoning models has proven effective for detecting misbehavior.…

Clawdbot is a self-hosted, tool-using personal AI agent with a broad action space spanning local execution and web-mediated workflows, which raises heightened safety and security concerns under ambiguity and adversarial steering. We present…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Tianyu Chen , Dongrui Liu , Xia Hu , Jingyi Yu , Wenjie Wang

Disaggregated evaluation is a central task in AI fairness assessment, where the goal is to measure an AI system's performance across different subgroups defined by combinations of demographic or other sensitive attributes. The standard…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Christine Herlihy , Kimberly Truong , Alexandra Chouldechova , Miroslav Dudik

Large Language Models (LLMs) fine-tuned to align with human values often exhibit alignment drift, producing unsafe or policy-violating completions when exposed to adversarial prompts, decoding perturbations, or paraphrased jailbreaks. While…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Amitava Das , Vinija Jain , Aman Chadha

Human oversight of AI is promoted as a safeguard against risks such as inaccurate outputs, system malfunctions, or violations of fundamental rights, and is mandated in regulation like the European AI Act. Yet debates on human oversight have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Jonas C. Ditz , Veronika Lazar , Elmar Lichtmeß , Carola Plesch , Matthias Heck , Kevin Baum , Markus Langer

The convergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) inference pipelines with cloud infrastructure creates a dual attack surface where cloud security standards and AI governance frameworks intersect without unified enforcement mechanisms. AI…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-02 S M Zia Ur Rashid , Deepa Gurung , Sonam Raj Gupta , Suman Rath

Artificial intelligence in high-stakes tabular domains cannot be evaluated by predictive performance alone, yet current practice still assesses explainability, fairness, robustness, privacy, and sustainability mostly in isolation. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Phuc Truong Loc Nguyen , Thanh Hung Do , Truong Thanh Hung Nguyen , Hung Cao

Modern Security Operations Centers struggle with alert fatigue, fragmented tooling, and limited cross-source event correlation. Challenges that current Security Information Event Management and Extended Detection and Response systems only…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Anes Abdennebi , Nadjia Kara , Laaziz Lahlou , Hakima Ould-Slimane

With the increasing use of neural networks in critical systems, runtime monitoring becomes essential to reject unsafe predictions during inference. Various techniques have emerged to establish rejection scores that maximize the separability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Khoi Tran Dang , Kevin Delmas , Jérémie Guiochet , Joris Guérin

Eye-tracking data reveals valuable insights into users' cognitive states but is difficult to analyze due to its structured, non-linguistic nature. While large language models (LLMs) excel at reasoning over text, they struggle with temporal…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Dongyang Guo , Yasmeen Abdrabou , Enkeleda Thaqi , Enkelejda Kasneci