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Parameter-Efficient Fine-tuning (PEFT) facilitates the fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs) under limited resources. However, the fine-tuning performance with PEFT on complex, knowledge-intensive tasks is limited due to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Jitai Hao , WeiWei Sun , Xin Xin , Qi Meng , Zhumin Chen , Pengjie Ren , Zhaochun Ren

The commercialization of non-volatile memories based on ferroelectric transistors (FeFETs) has remained elusive due to scaling, retention, and endurance issues. Thus, it is important to develop accurate characterization tools to quantify…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-05-15 Nicoló Zagni , Paolo Pavan , Muhammad Ashraful Alam

Crossbar memory arrays have been touted as the workhorse of in-memory computing (IMC)-based acceleration of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), but the associated hardware non-idealities limit their efficacy. To address this, cross-layer design…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Jeffry Victor , Chunguang Wang , Sumeet K. Gupta

With the recent advances in optical phase change material (PCM), photonic in-memory neurocomputing has demonstrated its superiority in optical neural network (ONN) designs with near-zero static power consumption, time-of-light latency, and…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2021-12-17 Hanqing Zhu , Jiaqi Gu , Chenghao Feng , Mingjie Liu , Zixuan Jiang , Ray T. Chen , David Z. Pan

The progress in neuromorphic computing is fueled by the development of novel nonvolatile memories capable of storing analog information and implementing neural computation efficiently. However, like most other analog circuits, these devices…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2021-07-12 Z. Fahimi , M. R. Mahmoodi , M. Klachko , H. Nili , H. Kim , D. B. Strukov

Compute-in-memory (CIM) presents an attractive approach for energy-efficient computing in data-intensive applications. However, the development of suitable memory designs to achieve high-performance CIM remains a challenging task. Here, we…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Yuhao Shu , Hongtu Zhang , Hao Sun , Mengru Zhang , Wenfeng Zhao , Qi Deng , Zhidong Tang , Yumeng Yuan , Yongqi Hu , Yu Gu , Xufeng Kou , Yajun Ha

Computing-In-Memory (CIM) offers a potential solution to the memory wall issue and can achieve high energy efficiency by minimizing data movement, making it a promising architecture for edge AI devices. Lightweight models like MobileNet and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Choongseok Song , Doo Seok Jeong

Ferroelectric-based capacitive crossbar arrays have been proposed for energy-efficient in-memory computing in the charge domain. They combat the challenges like sneak paths and high static power faced by resistive crossbar arrays but are…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Madhav Vadlamani , Dyutimoy Chakraborty , Jianwei Jia , Halid Mulaosmanovic , Stefan Duenkel , Sven Beyer , Suman Datta , Shimeng Yu

Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) cells are used in neuromorphic hardware to store model parameters, which are programmed as resistance states. NVMs suffer from the read disturb issue, where the programmed resistance state drifts upon repeated…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-01-28 Ankita Paul , Shihao Song , Twisha Titirsha , Anup Das

Memtranstor that correlates charge and magnetic flux via nonlinear magnetoelectric effects has a great potential in developing next-generation nonvolatile devices. In addition to multi-level nonvolatile memory, we demonstrate here that…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2017-01-04 Jianxin Shen , Dashan Shang , Yisheng Chai , Yue Wang , Junzhuang Cong , Shipeng Shen , Liqin Yan , Wenhong Wang , Young Sun

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) of pre-trained language models (PLMs) has emerged as a highly successful approach, with training only a small number of parameters without sacrificing performance and becoming the de-facto learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Baohao Liao , Shaomu Tan , Christof Monz

Non-volatile magnetic storage, from 1940s magnetic core to present day racetrack memory and magnetic anisotropy switching devices rely on the metastability of magnetic domains to store information. However, the inherent inefficiency of…

The Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) is essential for various applications ranging from signal processing to convolution and polynomial multiplication. The groundbreaking Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm reduces DFT time complexity…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-04-06 Orian Leitersdorf , Yahav Boneh , Gonen Gazit , Ronny Ronen , Shahar Kvatinsky

Phase Change Memory (PCM) has rapidly progressed and surpassed Dynamic Random-Access Memory (DRAM) in terms of scalability and standby energy efficiency. Altering a PCM cell's state during writes demands substantial energy, posing a…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Mahek Desai , Apoorva Rumale , Marjan Asadinia , Sherrene Bogle

We demonstrate non-volatile optical functionality by embedding multi-layer $HfO_2/Al_2O_3$ memristors with III-V/Si photonics. The wafer-bonded III-V/Si memristor facilitates non-volatile optical functionality for a variety of devices such…

The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) increases the requirement for edge computing with low power and relatively high processing speed devices. The Computing-In-Memory(CIM) schemes based on…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-08-27 Yewei Zhang , Kejie Huang , Rui Xiao , Haibin Shen

Non-volatile memory (NVM) technologies such as PCM, ReRAM and STT-RAM allow processors to directly write values to persistent storage at speeds that are significantly faster than previous durable media such as hard drives or SSDs. Many…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-09-11 Nachshon Cohen , Michal Friedman , James R. Larus

PCM is a popular backing memory for DRAM main memory in tiered memory systems. PCM has asymmetric access energy; writes dominate reads. MLC asymmetry can vary by an order of magnitude. Many schemes have been developed to take advantage of…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-12-06 Stephen Longofono , Seyed Mohammad Seyedzadeh , Alex K. Jones

In recent years, memory wall has been a great performance bottleneck of computer system. To overcome it, Non-Volatile Main Memory (NVMM) technology has been discussed widely to provide a much larger main memory capacity. Last year, Intel…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-10-01 Tianyue Lu , Haiyang Pan , Mingyu Chen

Electric-field control of magnetization promises to substantially enhance the energy efficiency of device applications ranging from data storage to solid-state cooling. However, the intrinsic linear magnetoelectric effect is typically small…

Materials Science · Physics 2017-08-09 Jan Zemen , Zsolt Gercsi , Karl G. Sandeman