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The standard sparse-autoencoder (SAE) interpretability protocol labels each feature from its top-activating contexts and validates by single-feature steering. We propose the pairwise matrix protocol, co-varying steering coefficient with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Michael A. Riegler , Birk Sebastian Frostelid Torpmann-Hagen

As large language models (LLMs) grow in scale and capability, understanding their internal mechanisms becomes increasingly critical. Sparse autoencoders (SAEs) have emerged as a key tool in mechanistic interpretability, enabling the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Jiaming Li , Haoran Ye , Yukun Chen , Xinyue Li , Lei Zhang , Hamid Alinejad-Rokny , Jimmy Chih-Hsien Peng , Min Yang

Sparse autoencoders (SAEs) are a popular technique for interpreting language model activations, and there is extensive recent work on improving SAE effectiveness. However, most prior work evaluates progress using unsupervised proxy metrics…

Sparse autoencoders (SAEs) are now standard tools for decomposing language model activations into interpretable features, and automated interpretability pipelines routinely assign each feature a short natural-language explanation. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Jordan F. McCann

Large-scale pre-trained vision-language models like CLIP demonstrate remarkable zero-shot performance across diverse tasks. However, fine-tuning these models to improve downstream performance often degrades robustness against distribution…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Fabian Morelli , Arnas Uselis , Ankit Sonthalia , Seong Joon Oh

Interpretability can improve the safety, transparency and trust of AI models, which is especially important in healthcare applications where decisions often carry significant consequences. Mechanistic interpretability, particularly through…

As in many fields of medical research, survival analysis has witnessed a growing interest in the application of deep learning techniques to model complex, high-dimensional, heterogeneous, incomplete, and censored medical data. Current…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Patricia A. Apellániz , Juan Parras , Santiago Zazo

Sparse autoencoders (SAEs) have become central to mechanistic interpretability, decomposing transformer activations into monosemantic features. Yet existing analyses characterise features almost exclusively through top-activating token…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Ruben Fernandez-Boullon , Pablo Magariños-Docampo , Javier Perez-Robles

Variational autoencoders (VAEs) have been used extensively to discover low-dimensional latent factors governing neural activity and animal behavior. However, without careful model selection, the uncovered latent factors may reflect noise in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Julia Huiming Wang , Dexter Tsin , Tatiana Engel

With the integration of image modality, the semantic space of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) is more complex than text-only models, making their interpretability more challenging and their alignment less stable, particularly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Hantao Lou , Changye Li , Jiaming Ji , Yaodong Yang

We construct an unsupervised learning model that achieves nonlinear disentanglement of underlying factors of variation in naturalistic videos. Previous work suggests that representations can be disentangled if all but a few factors in the…

Recent advances in audio-visual learning have shown promising results in learning representations across modalities. However, most approaches rely on global audio representations that fail to capture fine-grained temporal correspondences…

This paper studies masked autoencoder (MAE) video pre-training for various temporal matching-based downstream tasks, i.e., object-level tracking tasks including video object tracking (VOT) and video object segmentation (VOS),…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Qiangqiang Wu , Tianyu Yang , Ziquan Liu , Wei Lin , Baoyuan Wu , Antoni B. Chan

We propose a supervised contrastive learning framework for video representation learning that leverages temporally global context. We introduce a video to image aggregation strategy that spatially arranges multiple frames from each video…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Shaif Chowdhury , Mushfika Rahman , Greg Hamerly

Previous work on action representation learning focused on global representations for short video clips. In contrast, many practical applications, such as video alignment, strongly demand learning the intensive representation of long…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Minghao Chen , Renbo Tu , Chenxi Huang , Yuqi Lin , Boxi Wu , Deng Cai

While sparse autoencoders (SAEs) successfully extract interpretable features from language models, applying them to audio generation faces unique challenges: audio's dense nature requires compression that obscures semantic meaning, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Nathan Paek , Yongyi Zang , Qihui Yang , Randal Leistikow

Modern generative and multimodal models increasingly rely on compact latent representations that trade and balance semantic richness with high-fidelity reconstruction. We introduce SALAD-VAE, a continuous and highly compact semantic Audio…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-10 Sebastian Braun , Hannes Gamper , Dimitra Emmanouilidou

Sparse autoencoders are a promising new approach for decomposing language model activations for interpretation and control. They have been applied successfully to vision transformer image encoders and to small-scale diffusion models.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Stepan Shabalin , Ayush Panda , Dmitrii Kharlapenko , Abdur Raheem Ali , Yixiong Hao , Arthur Conmy

Self-supervised learning has become a cornerstone in computer vision, primarily divided into reconstruction-based methods like masked autoencoders (MAE) and discriminative methods such as contrastive learning (CL). Recent empirical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Yu Huang , Zixin Wen , Yuejie Chi , Yingbin Liang

In this paper we propose an unsupervised feature extraction method to capture temporal information on monocular videos, where we detect and encode subject of interest in each frame and leverage contrastive self-supervised (CSS) learning to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Sina Honari , Victor Constantin , Helge Rhodin , Mathieu Salzmann , Pascal Fua