English
Related papers

Related papers: New insights into Elo algorithm for practitioners …

200 papers

This study aims to provide a data-driven approach for empirically tuning and validating rating systems, focusing on the Elo system. Well-known rating frameworks, such as Elo, Glicko, TrueSkill systems, rely on parameters that are usually…

Applications · Statistics 2025-12-23 Shirsa Maitra , Tathagata Banerjee , Anushka De , Diganta Mukherjee , Tridib Mukherjee

The Elo rating system, which was originally proposed by Arpad Elo for chess, has become one of the most important rating systems in sports, economics and gaming nowadays. Its original formulation is based on two-player zero-sum games, but…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-04-12 Düring Bertram , Fischer Michael , Wolfram Marie-Therese

The expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm and its variants are widely used in statistics. In high-dimensional mixture linear regression, the model is assumed to be a finite mixture of linear regression and the number of predictors is much…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-07-24 Ning Wang , Xin Zhang , Qing Mai

Elo rating systems measure the approximate skill of each competitor in a game or sport. A competitor's rating increases when they win and decreases when they lose. Increasing one's rating can be difficult work; one must hone their skills…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-04-16 Rikhav Shah

The design and complexity analysis of randomized coordinate descent methods, and in particular of variants which update a random subset (sampling) of coordinates in each iteration, depends on the notion of expected separable…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-05-29 Zheng Qu , Peter Richtárik

This study examines the role of uncertainty estimation (UE) methods in multilingual text classification under noisy and non-topical conditions. Using a complex-vs-simple sentence classification task across several languages, we evaluate a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Nouran Khallaf , Serge Sharoff

In this work we study the ranking algorithm used by F\'ed\'eration Internationale de Football Association (FIFA); we analyze the parameters it currently uses, show the formal probabilistic model from which it can be derived, and optimize…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Leszek Szczecinski , Iris-Ioana Roatis

We suggest an improvement of the Elo rating system. Whereas Elo's theoretical background remains unaffected, we significantly change the way in which rating values are adjusted. It turns out that the modified system behaves much more…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2018-01-17 Fabian Langholf

One of the most popular club football tournaments, the UEFA Champions League, will see a fundamental reform from the 2024/25 season: the traditional group stage will be replaced by one league where each of the 36 teams plays eight matches.…

Applications · Statistics 2024-04-03 László Csató

Parameters defined via General Estimating Equations (GEE) can be estimated by maximizing the Empirical Likelihood (EL). Newey and Smith (2004) have recently shown that this EL estimator exhibits desirable higher-order asymptotic properties,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-07-18 Susanne M. Schennach

Organizations often rely on statistical algorithms to make socially and economically impactful decisions. We must address the fairness issues in these important automated decisions. On the other hand, economic efficiency remains…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-15 Jianqing Fan , Xin Tong , Yanhui Wu , Lucy Xia , Shunan Yao

As intelligent agents become more generally-capable, i.e. able to master a wide variety of tasks, the complexity and cost of properly evaluating them rises significantly. Tasks that assess specific capabilities of the agents can be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Marc Lanctot , Kate Larson , Ian Gemp , Michael Kaisers

It was recently observed that Elo ratings fail at preserving transitive relations among strategies and therefore cannot correctly extract the transitive component of a game. We provide a characterization of transitive games as a weak…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Nelson Vadori , Rahul Savani

Standard regression methods typically optimize a single pointwise objective, such as mean squared error, which conflates the learning of ordering with the learning of scale. This coupling renders models vulnerable to outliers and…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-24 Harri Vanhems , Yue Zhao , Peng Shi , Archer Y. Yang

In this work, we deal with the problem of rating in sports, where the skills of the players/teams are inferred from the observed outcomes of the games. Our focus is on the online rating algorithms which estimate the skills after each new…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-04-30 Leszek Szczecinski , Raphaëlle Tihon

This dissertation shows that careful injection of noise into sample data can substantially speed up Expectation-Maximization algorithms. Expectation-Maximization algorithms are a class of iterative algorithms for extracting maximum…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-11-26 Osonde Adekorede Osoba

Statistical inference of analytically non-tractable posteriors is a difficult problem because of marginalization of correlated variables and stochastic methods such as MCMC and VI are commonly used. We argue that stochastic KL divergence…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-08-01 Uros Seljak , Byeonghee Yu

In this work, a machine learning approach is developed for predicting the outcomes of football matches. The novelty of this research lies in the utilisation of the Kelly Index to first classify matches into categories where each one denotes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Yiming Ren , Teo Susnjak

Benchmarks for the evaluation of model performance play an important role in machine learning. However, there is no established way to describe and create new benchmarks. What is more, the most common benchmarks use performance measures…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-23 Alicja Gosiewska , Katarzyna Woźnica , Przemysław Biecek

Reinforcement Learning (RL) heavily relies on the careful design of the reward function. However, accurately assigning rewards to each state-action pair in Long-Term Reinforcement Learning (LTRL) tasks remains a significant challenge. As a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Qi Ju , Falin Hei , Zhemei Fang , Yunfeng Luo