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Evaluation of language model outputs on structured writing tasks is typically conducted with a number of desirable criteria presented to human evaluators or large language models (LLMs). For instance, on a prompt like "Help me draft an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Manya Wadhwa , Zayne Sprague , Chaitanya Malaviya , Philippe Laban , Junyi Jessy Li , Greg Durrett

While modern dialogue systems heavily rely on large language models (LLMs), their implementation often goes beyond pure LLM interaction. Developers integrate multiple LLMs, external tools, and databases. Therefore, assessment of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Roman Mayr , Michel Schimpf , Thomas Bohné

As natural language corpora expand at an unprecedented rate, manual annotation remains a significant methodological bottleneck in corpus linguistic work. We address this challenge by presenting a scalable pipeline for automating grammatical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Cameron Morin , Matti Marttinen Larsson

Large language models (LLMs) excel across many natural language processing tasks but face challenges in domain-specific, analytical tasks such as conducting research surveys. This study introduces ResearchArena, a benchmark designed to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Hao Kang , Chenyan Xiong

Factuality evaluation of large language model (LLM) outputs requires decomposing text into discrete "atomic" facts. However, existing definitions of atomicity are underspecified, with empirical results showing high disagreement among…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Manuel Schmidt , Daniel A. Keim , Frederik L. Dennig

Security analysts are overwhelmed by the volume of alerts and the low context provided by many detection systems. Early-stage investigations typically require manual correlation across multiple log sources, a task that is usually…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Even Eilertsen , Vasileios Mavroeidis , Gudmund Grov

Interpretability tools that offer explanations in the form of a dialogue have demonstrated their efficacy in enhancing users' understanding (Slack et al., 2023; Shen et al., 2023), as one-off explanations may fall short in providing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Qianli Wang , Tatiana Anikina , Nils Feldhus , Josef van Genabith , Leonhard Hennig , Sebastian Möller

Pairwise preferences over model responses are widely collected to evaluate and provide feedback to large language models (LLMs). Given two alternative model responses to the same input, a human or AI annotator selects the "better" response.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Arduin Findeis , Floris Weers , Guoli Yin , Ke Ye , Ruoming Pang , Tom Gunter

With the growing use of Large Language Model (LLM)-based Question-Answering (QA) systems in education, it is critical to evaluate their performance across individual pipeline components. In this work, we introduce {\model}, a modular…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Meenakshi Mittal , Rishi Khare , Mihran Miroyan , Chancharik Mitra , Narges Norouzi

Numerous studies have assessed the proficiency of AI systems, particularly large language models (LLMs), in facilitating everyday tasks such as email writing, question answering, and creative content generation. However, researchers face…

Analyzing texts such as open-ended responses, headlines, or social media posts is a time- and labor-intensive process highly susceptible to bias. LLMs are promising tools for text analysis, using either a predefined (top-down) or a…

Qualitative research delves deeply into individual complex perspectives on technology and various phenomena. However, a meticulous analysis of qualitative data often requires a significant amount of time, especially during the crucial…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-10-12 He Zhang , Chuhao Wu , Jingyi Xie , ChanMin Kim , John M. Carroll

Speech quality assessment typically requires evaluating audio from multiple aspects, such as mean opinion score (MOS) and speaker similarity (SIM) \etc., which can be challenging to cover using one small model designed for a single task. In…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-02 Siyin Wang , Wenyi Yu , Yudong Yang , Changli Tang , Yixuan Li , Jimin Zhuang , Xianzhao Chen , Xiaohai Tian , Jun Zhang , Guangzhi Sun , Lu Lu , Yuxuan Wang , Chao Zhang

In the current rapidly changing digital environment, businesses are under constant stress to ensure that their systems are secured. Security audits help to maintain a strong security posture by ensuring that policies are in place, controls…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Jia Hui Chin , Pu Zhang , Yu Xin Cheong , Jonathan Pan

Regulatory efforts to protect against algorithmic bias have taken on increased urgency with rapid advances in large language models (LLMs), which are machine learning models that can achieve performance rivaling human experts on a wide…

Applications · Statistics 2024-04-05 Johann D. Gaebler , Sharad Goel , Aziz Huq , Prasanna Tambe

On December 4, 2025, Anthropic released Anthropic Interviewer, an AI tool for running qualitative interviews at scale, along with a public dataset of 1,250 interviews with professionals, including 125 scientists, about their use of AI for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Tianshi Li

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools in chemistry, significantly impacting molecule design, property prediction, and synthesis optimization. This review highlights LLM capabilities in these domains and their potential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Mayk Caldas Ramos , Christopher J. Collison , Andrew D. White

Meta-analysis is a systematic research methodology that synthesizes data from multiple existing studies to derive comprehensive conclusions. This approach not only mitigates limitations inherent in individual studies but also facilitates…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Wanghan Xu , Wenlong Zhang , Fenghua Ling , Ben Fei , Yusong Hu , Runmin Ma , Bo Zhang , Fangxuan Ren , Jintai Lin , Wanli Ouyang , Lei Bai

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit systematic biases across demographic groups. Auditing is proposed as an accountability tool for black-box LLM applications, but suffers from resource-intensive query access. We conceptualise auditing as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-07 David Hartmann , Lena Pohlmann , Lelia Hanslik , Noah Gießing , Bettina Berendt , Pieter Delobelle

Systematic reviews are crucial for synthesizing scientific evidence but remain labor-intensive, especially when extracting detailed methodological information. Large language models (LLMs) offer potential for automating methodological…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Wenqing Zhang , Trang Nguyen , Elizabeth A. Stuart , Yiqun T. Chen