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Accuracy and speed are pivotal when typing. Mixed reality typing is typically performed by typing on a midair keyboard with your index fingers. This deprives users of both the tactile feedback available on physical devices and the ability…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Cecilia Schmitz , Joshua Reynolds , Scott Kuhl , Keith Vertanen

Over the past decade, the demand for communication devices has increased among individuals with mobility and speech impairments. Eye-gaze tracking has emerged as a promising solution for hands-free communication; however, traditional…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Yogesh Kumar Meena , Manish Salvi

Interacting with multiple objects simultaneously makes us fast. A pre-step to this interaction is to select the objects, i.e., multi-object selection, which is enabled through two steps: (1) toggling multi-selection mode -- mode-switching…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Mohammad Raihanul Bashar , Aunnoy K Mutasim , Ken Pfeuffer , Anil Ufuk Batmaz

Gaze-based virtual keyboards provide an effective interface for text entry by eye movements. The efficiency and usability of these keyboards have traditionally been evaluated with conventional text entry performance measures such as words…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-04-10 Korok Sengupta , Jun Sun , Raphael Menges , Chandan Kumar , Steffen Staab

Frustrating text entry interface has been a major obstacle in participating in social activities in augmented reality (AR). Popular options, such as mid-air keyboard interface, wireless keyboards or voice input, either suffer from poor…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Xingyu Fu , Mingze Xi

Text input in extended reality (XR) applications remains inefficient and tedious. Most solutions are derived from the traditional keyboard layout, yet fail to translate its positive characteristics to the spatial digital realm. This limits…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Fabian Rücker , Torben Storch

This paper investigates multi-selection in XR interfaces based on eye and hand interaction. We propose enabling multi-selection using different variations of techniques that combine gaze with a semi-pinch gesture, allowing users to select…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Jinwook Kim , Sangmin Park , Qiushi Zhou , Mar Gonzalez-Franco , Jeongmi Lee , Ken Pfeuffer

Jitter is an inevitable by-product of gaze detection. Because of this, gaze typing tends to be a slow and frustrating process. In this paper, we propose SliceType, a soft keyboard that is optimized for gaze input. Our main design objective…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-12-31 Burak Benligiray , Cihan Topal , Cuneyt Akinlar

We study the performance and user experience of two popular mainstream text entry devices, desktop keyboards and touchscreen keyboards, for use in Virtual Reality (VR) applications. We discuss the limitations arising from limited visual…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-02-05 Jens Grubert , Lukas Witzani , Eyal Ofek , Michel Pahud , Matthias Kranz , Per Ola Kristensson

On-screen keyboard eye-typing systems are limited due to the lack of predictive text and user-centred approaches, resulting in low text entry rates and frequent recalibration. This work proposes integrating the prediction by partial…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Hrushikesh Etikikota , Yogesh Kumar Meena

Pie menus are suggested as powerful tool for eye gaze based text entry among various interfaces developed so far. If pie menus are used with multiple depth layers then multiple saccades are required per selection of item, which is…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2014-07-29 Pawan Patidar , Himanshu Raghuvanshi , Sayan Sarcar

Eye typing interfaces enable a person to enter text into an interface using only their own eyes. But despite the inherent advantages of touchless operation and intuitive design, such eye-typing interfaces often suffer from slow typing…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Zhe Zeng , Xiao Wang , Felix Wilhelm Siebert , Hailong Liu

Gaze-based interaction techniques have created significant interest in the field of spatial interaction. Many of these methods require additional input modalities, such as hand gestures (e.g., gaze coupled with pinch). Those can be…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Tim Rolff , Jenny Gabel , Lauren Zerbin , Niklas Hypki , Susanne Schmidt , Markus Lappe , Frank Steinicke

Virtual, Mixed, and Augmented Reality (XR) technologies hold immense potential for transforming productivity beyond PC. Therefore there is a critical need for improved text input solutions for XR. However, achieving efficient text input in…

Text entry is a critical capability for any modern computing experience, with lightweight augmented reality (AR) glasses being no exception. Designed for all-day wearability, a limitation of lightweight AR glass is the restriction to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Junxiao Shen , Roger Boldu , Arpit Kalla , Michael Glueck , Hemant Bhaskar Surale Amy Karlson

While passive surfaces offer numerous benefits for interaction in mixed reality, reliably detecting touch input solely from head-mounted cameras has been a long-standing challenge. Camera specifics, hand self-occlusion, and rapid movements…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Paul Streli , Mark Richardson , Fadi Botros , Shugao Ma , Robert Wang , Christian Holz

Efficient text entry remains a primary bottleneck preventing Virtual Reality (VR) from evolving into a viable productivity platform. To address this, we conducted an empirical comparison of six physical input systems across three…

Despite the advent of touchscreens, typing on physical keyboards remains most efficient for entering text, because users can leverage all fingers across a full-size keyboard for convenient typing. As users increasingly type on the go, text…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Paul Streli , Jiaxi Jiang , Andreas Fender , Manuel Meier , Hugo Romat , Christian Holz

We describe a method for text entry based on inverse arithmetic coding that relies on gaze direction and which is faster and more accurate than using an on-screen keyboard. These benefits are derived from two innovations: the writing task…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2015-06-25 David J. Ward , David J. C. MacKay

Research on text entry in Virtual Reality (VR) has gained popularity but the efficient entry of accented characters, characters with diacritical marks, in VR remains underexplored. Entering accented characters is supported on most…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Snehanjali Kalamkar , Verena Biener , Daniel Pauls , Leon Lindlein , Morteza Izadifar , Per Ola Kristensson , Jens Grubert
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