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We explore a generative machine learning-based approach for estimating multi-dimensional probability density functions (PDFs) in a target sample using a statistically independent but related control sample - a common challenge in particle…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2025-04-18 Eli Gendreau-Distler , Luc Le Pottier , Haichen Wang

Normalizing flows are a class of machine learning models used to construct a complex distribution through a bijective mapping of a simple base distribution. We demonstrate that normalizing flows are particularly well suited as a Monte Carlo…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2021-08-11 Jack Brady , Pengsheng Wen , Jeremy W. Holt

Flow matching has recently emerged as a promising alternative to diffusion-based generative models, offering faster sampling and simpler training by learning continuous flows governed by ordinary differential equations. Despite growing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Mudit Gaur , Prashant Trivedi , Shuchin Aeron , Amrit Singh Bedi , George K. Atia , Vaneet Aggarwal

Normalizing flows are a class of deep generative models that are especially interesting for modeling probability distributions in physics, where the exact likelihood of flows allows reweighting to known target energy functions and computing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-11-27 Leon Klein , Andreas Krämer , Frank Noé

Normalizing flows have arisen as a tool to accelerate Monte Carlo sampling for lattice field theories. This work reviews recent progress in applying normalizing flows to 4-dimensional nonabelian gauge theories, focusing on two advancements:…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2025-02-04 Ryan Abbott , Denis Boyda , Daniel C. Hackett , Gurtej Kanwar , Fernando Romero-López , Phiala E. Shanahan , Julian M. Urban

The cost of Monte Carlo sampling of lattice configurations is very high in the critical region of lattice field theory due to the high correlation between the samples. This paper suggests a Conditional Normalizing Flow (C-NF) model for…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2022-07-05 Ankur Singha , Dipankar Chakrabarti , Vipul Arora

Normalizing Flows (NFs) are a class of generative models distinguished by a mathematically invertible architecture, where the forward pass transforms data into a latent space for density estimation, and the reverse pass generates new…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Yang Chen , Xiaowei Xu , Shuai Wang , Chenhui Zhu , Ruxue Wen , Xubin Li , Tiezheng Ge , Limin Wang

Tuning of measurement models is challenging in real-world applications of sequential Monte Carlo methods. Recent advances in differentiable particle filters have led to various efforts to learn measurement models through neural networks.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Xiongjie Chen , Yunpeng Li

We propose a new multimodal variational autoencoder that enables to generate from the joint distribution and conditionally to any number of complex modalities. The unimodal posteriors are conditioned on the Deep Canonical Correlation…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-05-22 Agathe Senellart , Clément Chadebec , Stéphanie Allassonnière

Whenever invertible generative networks are needed for LHC physics, normalizing flows show excellent performance. In this work, we investigate their performance for fast calorimeter shower simulations with increasing phase space dimension.…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-03-06 Florian Ernst , Luigi Favaro , Claudius Krause , Tilman Plehn , David Shih

A Monte Carlo method to sample the classical configurational canonical ensemble is introduced. In contrast to the Metropolis algorithm, where trial moves can be rejected, in this approach collisions take place. The implementation is…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-03-19 E. A. J. F. Peters , G. de With

Simulation-free methods for training continuous-time generative models construct probability paths that go between noise distributions and individual data samples. Recent works, such as Flow Matching, derived paths that are optimal for each…

Importance sampling is a rare event simulation technique used in Monte Carlo simulations to bias the sampling distribution towards the rare event of interest. By assigning appropriate weights to sampled points, importance sampling allows…

Monte Carlo event generators are the central interface between theoretical calculations and experimental measurements in collider physics. Over several decades, a comprehensive and highly modular ecosystem of tools has developed around…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-05-18 Melissa van Beekveld , Enrico Bothmann , Andy Buckley , Christian Gütschow , Peter Skands , Ramon Winterhalder

Generative modeling of high-energy collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) offers a data-driven route to simulations, anomaly detection, among other applications. A central challenge lies in the hybrid nature of particle-cloud data:…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-11-25 Darius A. Faroughy , Manfred Opper , Cesar Ojeda

A Monte Carlo event generator has been developed assuming thermal production of hadrons. The system under consideration is sampled grand canonically in the Boltzmann approximation. A re-weighting scheme is then introduced to account for…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-12-14 M. Hauer , S. Wheaton

Normalizing Flows (NFs) are emerging as a powerful class of generative models, as they not only allow for efficient sampling, but also deliver, by construction, density estimation. They are of great potential usage in High Energy Physics…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-03-01 Humberto Reyes-Gonzalez , Riccardo Torre

We introduce the first generative model trained on the JetClass dataset. Our model generates jets at the constituent level, and it is a permutation-equivariant continuous normalizing flow (CNF) trained with the flow matching technique. It…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-03-27 Joschka Birk , Erik Buhmann , Cedric Ewen , Gregor Kasieczka , David Shih

Normalizing flows model a complex target distribution in terms of a bijective transform operating on a simple base distribution. As such, they enable tractable computation of a number of important statistical quantities, particularly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-01 Chandramouli Shama Sastry , Andreas Lehrmann , Marcus Brubaker , Alexander Radovic

The isolation of pure samples of quark and gluon jets is of key interest at hadron colliders. Recent work has employed topic modeling to disentangle the underlying distributions in mixed samples obtained from experiments. However, current…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-06-05 Matthew J. Dolan , Ayodele Ore