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Multi-hop question answering (QA) requires models to retrieve and reason over multiple pieces of evidence. While Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has made progress in this area, existing methods often suffer from two key limitations:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Yuelyu Ji , Rui Meng , Zhuochun Li , Daqing He

A key challenge of multi-hop question answering (QA) in the open-domain setting is to accurately retrieve the supporting passages from a large corpus. Existing work on open-domain QA typically relies on off-the-shelf information retrieval…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Wenhan Xiong , Mo Yu , Xiaoxiao Guo , Hong Wang , Shiyu Chang , Murray Campbell , William Yang Wang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) remains brittle on multi-hop questions in realistic deployment settings, where retrieved evidence may be noisy or redundant and only limited context can be passed to the generator. Existing controllers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Yilin Guo , Yinshan Wang , Yixuan Wang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has become a powerful framework for enhancing large language models in knowledge-intensive and reasoning tasks. However, as reasoning chains deepen or search trees expand, RAG systems often face two…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Shuguang Jiao , Xinyu Xiao , Yunfan Wei , Shuhan Qi , Chengkai Huang , Quan Z. Michael Sheng , Lina Yao

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge to answer questions more accurately. However, research on evaluating RAG systems-particularly the retriever component-remains limited, as…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Lorenz Brehme , Thomas Ströhle , Ruth Breu

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) can supplement large language models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge. However, as the number of retrieved documents increases, the input length to LLMs grows linearly, causing a dramatic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Yuankai Li , Jia-Chen Gu , Di Wu , Kai-Wei Chang , Nanyun Peng

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) remains brittle on multi-step questions and heterogeneous evidence sources, trading accuracy against latency and token/tool budgets. This paper introduces RELOOP, a structure aware framework using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Ruiyi Yang , Hao Xue , Imran Razzak , Hakim Hacid , Flora D. Salim

Large language models (LLMs) remain brittle on multi-hop question answering (MHQA), where answering requires combining evidence across documents through retrieval and reasoning. Iterative retrieval systems can fail by locking onto an early…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Xingyu Li , Rongguang Wang , Yuying Wang , Mengqing Guo , Chenyang Li , Tao Sheng , Sujith Ravi , Dan Roth

Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation (Graph RAG) effectively builds a knowledge graph (KG) to connect disparate facts across a large document corpus. However, this broad-view approach often lacks the deep structured reasoning needed for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Jiaoyang Li , Junhao Ruan , Shengwei Tang , Saihan Chen , Kaiyan Chang , Yuan Ge , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) grounds large language models with external evidence, but many implementations rely on pre-built indices that remain static after construction. Related queries therefore repeat similar multi-hop…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yifan Wang , Mingxuan Jiang , Zhihao Sun , Yixin Cao , Yicun Liu , Keyang Chen , Guangnan Ye , Hongfeng Chai

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems remain brittle under realistic retrieval noise, even when the required evidence appears in the top-K results. A key reason is that retrievers and rerankers optimize solely for relevance, often…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive capabilities in language understanding and generation, yet they continue to underperform on knowledge-intensive reasoning tasks due to limited access to structured context and multi-hop…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Travis Thompson , Seung-Hwan Lim , Paul Liu , Ruoying He , Dongkuan Xu

The rapid evolution of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) toward multimodal, high-stakes enterprise applications has outpaced the development of domain specific evaluation benchmarks. Existing datasets often rely on general-domain corpora…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Chandan Kumar Sahu , Premith Kumar Chilukuri , Matthew Hetrich

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities but remain limited by their reliance on static training data. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) addresses this constraint by retrieving external knowledge during inference,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Xingda Lyu , Gongfu Lyu , Zitai Yan , Yuxin Jiang

GraphRAG systems improve multi-hop retrieval by modeling structure, but many approaches rely on expensive LLM-based graph construction and GPU-heavy inference. We present SPRIG (Seeded Propagation for Retrieval In Graphs), a CPU-only,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Qizhi Wang

Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation (GraphRAG) is dominated by a retrieve-then-reason paradigm, where context is retrieved using heuristics and then reasoned over. Such methods struggle to adapt to the query-specific logic required for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Larnell Moore , Naihao Deng , Rada Mihalcea , Farnaz Jahanbakhsh

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become a core paradigm for enhancing factual grounding and multi-hop reasoning in Large Language Models (LLMs). Traditional text-based RAG often retrieves logically irrelevant pseudo-evidence, while…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Jiarui Zhong , Hong Cai Chen

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has become a key paradigm for knowledge-intensive question answering. However, existing multi-hop RAG systems remain inefficient, as they alternate between retrieval and reasoning at each step, resulting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Hao Yang , Zhiyu Yang , Xupeng Zhang , Wei Wei , Yunjie Zhang , Lin Yang

Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation (GraphRAG) has become a common approach for multi-hop reasoning by using knowledge graphs (KGs) as structured retrieval indexes. However, most existing GraphRAG methods implicitly assume that…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Yizhuo Ma , Jinchuan Xu , Tao Wen , Qizhi Chen , Jiakai Li , Rongzheng Wang , Muquan Li , Shuang Liang , Ke Qin

Since large language models (LLMs) have a tendency to generate factually inaccurate output, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has gained significant attention as a key means to mitigate this downside of harnessing only LLMs. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Youmin Ko , Sungjong Seo , Hyunjoon Kim