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Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is often used with Large Language Models (LLMs) to infuse domain knowledge or user-specific information. In RAG, given a user query, a retriever extracts chunks of relevant text from a knowledge base.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Shubham Agarwal , Sai Sundaresan , Subrata Mitra , Debabrata Mahapatra , Archit Gupta , Rounak Sharma , Nirmal Joshua Kapu , Tong Yu , Shiv Saini

Memory consumption of the Key-Value (KV) cache represents a major bottleneck for efficient large language model inference. While attention-score-based KV cache pruning shows promise, it faces critical practical limitations: attention scores…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Alessio Devoto , Maximilian Jeblick , Simon Jégou

Inferring missing links in knowledge graphs (KG) has attracted a lot of attention from the research community. In this paper, we tackle a practical query answering task involving predicting the relation of a given entity pair. We frame this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-10-24 Wenhu Chen , Wenhan Xiong , Xifeng Yan , William Wang

Large language models (LLMs) encode knowledge in parametric weights, making it costly to update or extend without retraining. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) mitigates this limitation by appending retrieved text to the input, but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Bin Ju , Shenfeng Weng , Danying Zhou , Rongkai Xu , Kunkai Su

The advent of pre-trained large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized various natural language processing tasks. These models predominantly employ an auto-regressive decoding mechanism that utilizes Key-Value (KV) caches to eliminate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Hao Yu , Zelan Yang , Shen Li , Yong Li , Jianxin Wu

The growing context length of Large Language Models (LLMs) enlarges the Key-Value (KV) cache, limiting deployment in resource-limited environments. Prior training-free approaches for KV cache compression typically rely on low-rank…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Yixuan Wang , Qingyu Shi , Jiayu Zhou , Dianbo Liu , Ziwei He , Zhouhan Lin

In Text-to-SQL tasks, existing LLM-based methods often include extensive database schemas in prompts, leading to long context lengths and increased prefilling latency. While user queries typically focus on recurrent table sets-offering an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Jinbo Su , Yuxuan Hu , Cuiping Li , Hong Chen , Jia Li , Lintao Ma , Jing Zhang

Multi-agent large language model (LLM) systems are increasingly adopted for complex language processing tasks that require communication and coordination among agents. However, these systems often suffer substantial overhead from repeated…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Hancheng Ye , Zhengqi Gao , Mingyuan Ma , Qinsi Wang , Yuzhe Fu , Ming-Yu Chung , Yueqian Lin , Zhijian Liu , Jianyi Zhang , Danyang Zhuo , Yiran Chen

Knowledge graph (KG) is known to be helpful for the task of question answering (QA), since it provides well-structured relational information between entities, and allows one to further infer indirect facts. However, it is challenging to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-29 Yuyu Zhang , Hanjun Dai , Zornitsa Kozareva , Alexander J. Smola , Le Song

Supply chain operations generate vast amounts of operational data; however, critical knowledge such as system usage practices, troubleshooting workflows, and resolution techniques often remains buried within unstructured communications like…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Yao Zhang , Zaixi Shang , Silpan Patel , Mikel Zuniga

Commonsense question answering (QA) requires background knowledge which is not explicitly stated in a given context. Prior works use commonsense knowledge graphs (KGs) to obtain this knowledge for reasoning. However, relying entirely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Peifeng Wang , Nanyun Peng , Filip Ilievski , Pedro Szekely , Xiang Ren

Efficient key-value (KV) cache compression is critical for scaling transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) in long sequences and resource-limited settings. Existing methods evict tokens based on their positions or importance scores,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Ziwei He , Jian Yuan , Haoli Bai , Jingwen Leng , Bo Jiang

Transformer models face scalability challenges in causal language modeling (CLM) due to inefficient memory allocation for growing key-value (KV) caches, which strains compute and storage resources. Existing methods like Grouped Query…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Guanghui Song , Dongping Liao , Yiren Zhao , Kejiang Ye , Cheng-zhong Xu , Xitong Gao

With the rapid development of conditional diffusion models, significant progress has been made in text-to-video generation. However, we observe that these models often neglect semantically important tokens during inference, leading to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Guoqing Zhang , Lu Shi , Wanru Xu , Linna Zhang , Sen Wang , Fangfang Wang , Yigang Cen

Large Language Models capable of handling extended contexts are in high demand, yet their inference remains challenging due to substantial Key-Value cache size and high memory bandwidth requirements. Previous research has demonstrated that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Junlin Mu , Hantao Huang , Jihang Zhang , Minghui Yu , Tao Wang , Yidong Li

The Key-Value (KV) cache, which stores intermediate attention computations (Key and Value pairs) to avoid redundant calculations, is a fundamental mechanism for accelerating Large Language Model (LLM) inference. However, this efficiency…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Zhifan Luo , Shuo Shao , Su Zhang , Lijing Zhou , Yuke Hu , Chenxu Zhao , Zhihao Liu , Zhan Qin

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates hallucination in Large Language Models (LLMs) by incorporating external data, with Knowledge Graphs (KGs) offering crucial information for question answering. Traditional Knowledge Graph…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Yushi Sun , Kai Sun , Yifan Ethan Xu , Xiao Yang , Xin Luna Dong , Nan Tang , Lei Chen

Current Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems concatenate and process numerous retrieved document chunks for prefill which requires a large volume of computation, therefore leading to significant latency in time-to-first-token…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Songshuo Lu , Hua Wang , Yutian Rong , Zhi Chen , Yaohua Tang

Agentic code tasks such as fault localization and patch generation require processing long codebases under tight memory constraints, where the Key-Value (KV) cache becomes the primary inference bottleneck. Existing compression methods rely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Qiujiang Chen , Jing Xiong , Chenyang Zhao , Sidi Yang , Ngai Wong

The large size of the KV cache has become a major bottleneck for serving LLMs with increasing context lengths. In response, many KV cache compression methods, such as token dropping and quantization, have been proposed. However, almost all…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jiayi Yao , Samuel Shen , Kuntai Du , Shaoting Feng , Dongjoo Seo , Rui Zhang , Yuyang Huang , Yuhan Liu , Shan Lu , Junchen Jiang