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Large Language Models (LLMs) are reshaping the research landscape in artificial intelligence, particularly as model parameters scale up significantly, unlocking remarkable capabilities across various domains. Nevertheless, the scalability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Runyu Peng , Yunhua Zhou , Qipeng Guo , Yang Gao , Hang Yan , Xipeng Qiu , Dahua Lin

The widespread utilization of language models in modern applications is inconceivable without Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning techniques, such as low-rank adaptation ($\texttt{LoRA}$), which adds trainable adapters to selected layers.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Andrey Veprikov , Vladimir Solodkin , Alexander Zyl , Andrey Savchenko , Aleksandr Beznosikov

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) has emerged as a practical paradigm for adapting large language models (LLMs) without updating all parameters. Most existing approaches, such as LoRA and PiSSA, rely on low-rank decompositions of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Songtao Wei , Yi Li , Bohan Zhang , Zhichun Guo , Ying Huang , Yuede Ji , Miao Yin , Guanpeng Li , Bingzhe Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced rapidly but face significant memory demands. While quantization has shown promise for LLMs, current methods typically require lengthy training to alleviate the performance degradation from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Ke Yi , Yuhui Xu , Heng Chang , Chen Tang , Yuan Meng , Tong Zhang , Jia Li

Although large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across various domains, their considerable scale necessitates substantial computational resources, posing significant challenges for deployment in resource-constrained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Yao Lu , Hao Cheng , Yujie Fang , Zeyu Wang , Jiaheng Wei , Dongwei Xu , Qi Xuan , Xiaoniu Yang , Zhaowei Zhu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have reshaped the landscape of artificial intelligence by demonstrating exceptional performance across various tasks. However, substantial computational requirements make their deployment challenging on devices…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Chi-Heng Lin , Shangqian Gao , James Seale Smith , Abhishek Patel , Shikhar Tuli , Yilin Shen , Hongxia Jin , Yen-Chang Hsu

We introduce model folding, a novel data-free model compression technique that merges structurally similar neurons across layers, significantly reducing the model size without the need for fine-tuning or access to training data. Unlike…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Dong Wang , Haris Šikić , Lothar Thiele , Olga Saukh

Large Language Models (LLMs) are traditionally viewed as black-box algorithms, therefore reducing trustworthiness and obscuring potential approaches to increasing performance on downstream tasks. In this work, we apply an effective LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Shun Wang , Tyler Loakman , Youbo Lei , Yi Liu , Bohao Yang , Yuting Zhao , Dong Yang , Chenghua Lin

Despite large neural networks demonstrating remarkable abilities to complete different tasks, they require excessive memory usage to store the optimization states for training. To alleviate this, the low-rank adaptation (LoRA) is proposed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Yongchang Hao , Yanshuai Cao , Lili Mou

State-of-the-art language models are becoming increasingly large in an effort to achieve the highest performance on large corpora of available textual data. However, the sheer size of the Transformer architectures makes it difficult to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Tycho F. A. van der Ouderaa , Markus Nagel , Mart van Baalen , Yuki M. Asano , Tijmen Blankevoort

Low-rank training has emerged as a promising approach for reducing memory usage in training Large Language Models (LLMs). Previous methods either rely on decomposing weight matrices (e.g., LoRA), or seek to decompose gradient matrices…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Xi Chen , Kaituo Feng , Changsheng Li , Xunhao Lai , Xiangyu Yue , Ye Yuan , Guoren Wang

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit a wide range of capabilities, including mathematical reasoning, code generation, and linguistic behaviors. We show that many capabilities are highly localized to small subsets of attention heads within…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Anna Bair , Yixuan Even Xu , Mingjie Sun , J. Zico Kolter

Continual Learning (CL) requires models to sequentially adapt to new tasks without forgetting old knowledge. Recently, Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), a representative Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) method, has gained increasing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Lingfeng He , De Cheng , Huaijie Wang , Xi Yang , Nannan Wang , Xinbo Gao

Large language models have demonstrated remarkable performance; however, their massive parameter counts make deployment highly expensive. Low-rank approximation offers a promising compression solution, yet existing approaches have two main…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Jeffrey T. H. Wong , Cheng Zhang , Xinye Cao , Pedro Gimenes , Christos-Savvas Bouganis , George A. Constantinides , Wayne Luk , Yiren Zhao

Humans generally acquire new skills without compromising the old; however, the opposite holds for Large Language Models (LLMs), e.g., from LLaMA to CodeLLaMA. To this end, we propose a new post-pretraining method for LLMs with an expansion…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Chengyue Wu , Yukang Gan , Yixiao Ge , Zeyu Lu , Jiahao Wang , Ye Feng , Ying Shan , Ping Luo

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) has been developed as an efficient approach for adapting large language models (LLMs) by fine-tuning two low-rank matrices, thereby reducing the number of trainable parameters. However, prior research indicates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Lin Mu , Xiaoyu Wang , Li Ni , Yang Li , Zhize Wu , Peiquan Jin , Yiwen Zhang

Sparse plus Low-Rank $(\mathbf{S} + \mathbf{LR})$ decomposition of Large Language Models (LLMs) has emerged as a promising direction in model compression, aiming to decompose pre-trained model weights into a sum of sparse and low-rank…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Mehdi Makni , Xiang Meng , Rahul Mazumder

Low-rank adaptation is a popular parameter-efficient fine-tuning method for large language models. In this paper, we analyze the impact of low-rank updating, as implemented in LoRA. Our findings suggest that the low-rank updating mechanism…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Ting Jiang , Shaohan Huang , Shengyue Luo , Zihan Zhang , Haizhen Huang , Furu Wei , Weiwei Deng , Feng Sun , Qi Zhang , Deqing Wang , Fuzhen Zhuang

Low-rank optimization has emerged as a promising approach to enabling memory-efficient training of large language models (LLMs). Existing low-rank optimization methods typically project gradients onto a low-rank subspace, reducing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Haochen Zhang , Junze Yin , Guanchu Wang , Zirui Liu , Lin F. Yang , Tianyi Zhang , Anshumali Shrivastava , Vladimir Braverman

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) with low-rank adaptation (LoRA) is a cost-effective way to incorporate information from a specific dataset. However, when a problem requires incorporating information from multiple datasets - as in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Liyi Zhang , Jake Snell , Thomas L. Griffiths