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Color serves as a fundamental dimension of human visual perception and a primary means of communicating about objects and scenes. As vision-language models (VLMs) become increasingly prevalent, understanding whether they name colors like…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Alexandra Gomez-Villa , Pablo Hernández-Cámara , Muhammad Atif Butt , Valero Laparra , Jesus Malo , Javier Vazquez-Corral

Computer vision is widely deployed, has highly visible, society altering applications, and documented problems with bias and representation. Datasets are critical for benchmarking progress in fair computer vision, and often employ broad…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-05 Zaid Khan , Yun Fu

There is often a mixture of very frequent labels and very infrequent labels in multi-label datatsets. This variation in label frequency, a type class imbalance, creates a significant challenge for building efficient multi-label…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Payel Sadhukhan , Arjun Pakrashi , Sarbani Palit , Brian Mac Namee

Clustering is an unsupervised machine learning methodology where unlabeled elements/objects are grouped together aiming to the construction of well-established clusters that their elements are classified according to their similarity. The…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-20 Dimitrios Saligkaras , Vasileios E. Papageorgiou

The clustering of data into physically meaningful subsets often requires assumptions regarding the number, size, or shape of the subgroups. Here, we present a new method, simultaneous coherent structure coloring (sCSC), which accomplishes…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-11-26 Brooke E. Husic , Kristy L. Schlueter-Kuck , John O. Dabiri

In this paper we consider clustering problems in which each point is endowed with a color. The goal is to cluster the points to minimize the classical clustering cost but with the additional constraint that no color is over-represented in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-05-31 Sara Ahmadian , Alessandro Epasto , Ravi Kumar , Mohammad Mahdian

Existing guidelines for categorical color selection are heuristic, often grounded in intuition rather than empirical studies of readers' abilities. While design conventions recommend palettes maximize hue differences, more recent…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Chin Tseng , Arran Zeyu Wang , Ghulam Jilani Quadri , Danielle Albers Szafir

Transparency is commonly utilized in visualizations to overlay color-coded histograms or sets, thereby facilitating the visual comparison of categorical data. However, these charts often suffer from significant overlap between objects,…

Graphics · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Kecheng Lu , Lihang Zhu , Yunhai Wang , Qiong Zeng , Weitao Song , Khairi Reda

Scatterplots commonly use color to encode categorical data. However, as datasets increase in size and complexity, the efficacy of these channels may vary. Designers lack insight into how robust different design choices are to variations in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-03-29 Chin Tseng , Ghulam Jilani Quadri , Zeyu Wang , Danielle Albers Szafir

Clustering algorithms are one of the main analytical methods to detect patterns in unlabeled data. Existing clustering methods typically treat samples in a dataset as points in a metric space and compute distances to group together similar…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Tarek Naous , Srinjay Sarkar , Abubakar Abid , James Zou

We present an integrated approach for creating and assigning color palettes to different visualizations such as multi-class scatterplots, line, and bar charts. While other methods separate the creation of colors from their assignment, our…

Data clustering is the process of identifying natural groupings or clusters within multidimensional data based on some similarity measure. Clustering is a fundamental process in many different disciplines. Hence, researchers from different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-08-26 Sibei Yang , Liangde Tao , Bingchen Gong

Clustering is an unsupervised technique of Data Mining. It means grouping similar objects together and separating the dissimilar ones. Each object in the data set is assigned a class label in the clustering process using a distance measure.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2011-10-13 Parul Agarwal , M. Afshar Alam , Ranjit Biswas

Color modelling and extraction is an important topic in fashion, art, and design. Recommender systems, color-based retrieval, decorating, and fashion design can benefit from color extraction tools. Research has shown that modeling color so…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Mohammed Al-Rawi

A wide variety of color schemes have been devised for mapping scalar data to color. Some use the data value to index a color scale. Others assign colors to different, usually blended disjoint materials, to handle areas where materials…

Graphics · Computer Science 2016-08-23 Shenghui Cheng , Wei Xu , Wen Zhong , Klaus Mueller

In any computer vision task involving color images, a necessary step is classifying pixels according to color and segmenting the respective areas. However, the development of methods able to successfully complete this task has proven…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-17 Laura Nicolás-Sáenz , Agapito Ledezma , Javier Pascau , Arrate Muñoz-Barrutia

Color coding, a technique assigning specific colors to cluster information types, has proven advantages in aiding human cognitive activities, especially reading and comprehension. The rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) has streamlined…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Ho Yin Ng , Zeyu He , Ting-Hao 'Kenneth' Huang

Assigning discriminable and harmonic colors to samples according to their class labels and spatial distribution can generate attractive visualizations and facilitate data exploration. However, as the number of classes increases, it is…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Jiashu Chen , Weikai Yang , Zelin Jia , Lanxi Xiao , Shixia Liu

With the advancement in image capturing device, the image data been generated at high volume. If images are analyzed properly, they can reveal useful information to the human users. Content based image retrieval address the problem of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2009-10-13 Sanjay Silakari , Mahesh Motwani , Manish Maheshwari

Image processing is an important research area in computer vision. Image segmentation plays the vital rule in image processing research. There exist so many methods for image segmentation. Clustering is an unsupervised study. Clustering can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-07-31 Dibya Jyoti Bora , Anil Kumar Gupta
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